Agricultural Herbicides and Fungi in Soil Exposed to Herbicides

BARBERIS CARLA; MAGNOLI CARINA; CARRANZA CECILIA; BENITO NICOLÁS; ALUFFI MELISA

Pesticides in crop production : physiological and biochemical action

Wiley

Año: 2022; p. 1 - 291

Over the past century, the increased demand of food grains and vegetables has ledto an extensive use of chemical pesticides in agriculture (Narra 2016).Their use allowedmore and better products to be obtained, therefore many countries could increase theiragricultural production and exportation.Despite these positive aspects of the use of pesticides,the negative aspects of their intensive and repeated application should be considered.Some researches establish that about 5% of the used pesticides are absorbed by thetarget organisms, whilemore than 50% remains in the soil andwater bodies (Nawaz et al.2011).Thus, the environment pesticide contamination is a great concern. Herbicides are one of the most applied, comprising about 40% of the world market, with some variations according to the countries considered. Although herbicides have certain beneficial effects for agricultural production, they or their degradation productscan be bioavailable for aquatic organisms and, due to lipid affinity, they can be incorporatein fatty tissues. Nevertheless, the biota is exposed to several pesticides that resultfrom mixed applications in the crops.Therefore their concomitant presence, even at lowconcentrations, needs to be evaluated because it may lead to an increased toxicity or higher effects than were expected (Mhadhbi and Beiras 2012).