A first snapshot on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils of different crops farming in the Puna

LUGO, M. A.; ONTIVERO, R. E.; RISIO ALLIONE, L. V.; BIANCIOTTO, V.; LUMINI, ERICA

San Carlos de Bariloche

Workshop; II International Workshop: ?Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in the Southern Cone of South America.; 2019

Soil ecosystems and its functioning are under the threat of biodiversity lost by the increase ofcultivated areas and agronomic exploitation intensity. Changes in land use alter the structureand functioning of ecosystems where biodiversity plays a vital role in the ecosystem-services(ES) provision. Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal-Fungi (AMF) are a key soil biota functional group withan important potential to contribute to crop productivity and implement of new strategies forsustainable production. The different land uses and soil types affect the AMF diversity and theirfunction in the community. Despite the significant relationship between AMF diversity, land usesand its ES, there are very few studies focused in ES of AMF in Latin America. The Puna is anarid-high plateau where plants experience high abiotic-stresses and unique extreme distinctiveenvironmental conditions. This work is part of CNR-CONICET Project ?Ecologicalcharacterization of AMF communities as ecosystem indicators for arid and semiarid Argentinean soils? that analyze the effects of different land uses on AMF diversity and theirresilience; identify AMF species useful as indicators of ecosystem health and determinatepotential ES derived from AMF diversity through a combination of molecular and morphologicalapproaches. In this Project we sampled 6 land uses conditions including hotspots areas inArgentine Puna with different stressors. The aim of this work was to analyze in Chaupi Rodeo(Jujuy, Argentina), AMF diversity (spores total number, spore-taxa richness) in 3 crops speciesusually farming by people settlement: native corn, bean and native potato, under a familiar landuse, without the supplements of agrochemicals but with different histories of crops rotation.Each crop species has 3 plots replicates; in each plot, 5 subsamples were taken. The totalnumber of AMF spores/100g of dry-soil were isolated and counted for each sample underdissecting-microscope. Preliminary results indicate that AMF spores were most abundant incorn plots, followed by potato and bean. The number of AMF taxa morphologies was high andvariable (20 to 4); were represented glomoid, acaulosporoid, scutellosporoid, gigasporoid, anddiversisporoid morphologies, and spores were single, aggregate or forming sporocarps withperidium. The AMF diversity changes could be due to the rotation histories, with less effect ofthe species of crops. Molecular data on the same plots are under investigation.