TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 IN ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

GARRAMUÑO VALLÉS, PATRICIA; GIL LORENZO AF; GARCIA RODRIGO; CACCIAMANI VALERIA; BENARDON MARÍA EUGENIA; COSTANTINO V.V.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI

Lugar: Basel; Año: 2023 vol. 24 p. 1415 - 1434

1422-0067

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and devastating pathologic condition, associatedwith considerable high morbidity and mortality. Although significant breakthroughs have beenmade in recent years, to this day no effective pharmacological therapies for its treatment exist.AKI is known to be connected with intrarenal and systemic inflammation. The innate immunesystem plays an important role as the first defense response mechanism to tissue injury. Toll-likereceptor 4 (TLR4) is a well-characterized pattern recognition receptor, and increasing evidence hasshown that TLR4 mediated inflammatory response, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acutekidney injury. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), which are the conserved microbialmotifs, are sensed by these receptors. Endogenous molecules generated during tissue injury, andlabeled as damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), also activate pattern recognitionreceptors, thereby offering an understanding of sterile types of inflammation. Excessive, uncontrolledand/or sustained activation of TLR4, may lead to a chronic inflammatory state. In this review wedescribe the role of TLR4, its endogenous ligands and activation in the inflammatory response toischemic/reperfusion-induced AKI and sepsis-associated AKI. The potential regeneration signalingpatterns of TLR4 in acute kidney injury, are also discussed.