Recombinant veterinary vaccines against rabies: state of art and perspectives.

DEL MÉDICO ZAJAC MARÍA PAULA; CALAMANTE GABRIEL; GARANZINI DEBORA ; PÉREZ OSCAR

Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens. Volume 2:Applied Virology Approaches Related to Human, Animal and Environmental Pathogens

Elsevier

Año: 2020; p. 225 - 242

The One Health concept summarized the idea that the health both AU:4of human and animal is interdependent and is bound to the health ofthe ecosystems in which they exist. This notion is supported and implemented by the World Organization for Animal Health to understandrisks for human and animal health (including domestic animals andwildlife) and ecosystem health as a whole. In this context, the best strategy to control zoonotic pathogens (transmitted by domestic or wild animals to humans and vice versa) is vaccination of the animal source,together with an adequate epidemiological surveillance program.Rabies is a zoonotic disease that affects humans, wildlife, companionanimals, and livestock. Even though there are pre- and postrabies exposure treatments available for humans, it is more cost-effective over thelong term to eliminate rabies in its natural terrestrial reservoirs.Currently, dogs are vaccinated with conventional inactivated vaccineswhile a viral vectorbased vaccine (canarypox virus) is being used forcats. Several countries from the northern hemisphere control the sylvaticrabies reservoirs (coyotes, red foxes, raccoon dogs, and raccoons) usingattenuated rabies vaccines or recombinant viral-vectored vaccines(based on vaccinia virus or human adenovirus). Lastly, vaccination ofcalves, horses, and other domestic livestock species (African and SouthAmerican camels, goats, and pigs) is performed with inactivated conventional vaccines.Inactivated vaccines against rabies are effective but present severaldisadvantages such as uncertain antigen composition, manipulation ofthe pathogen during the vaccine manufacturing, need of cold chain during storage, and transportation and inability to differentiate vaccinatedfrom infected animals. To overcome these inconveniences, the actualtendency is the rational design of recombinant immunogens (viral-vectored or subunit vaccines) that are safe and efficacious againstpathogens.This chapter presents a revision of viral-vectored vaccines againstrabies currently used in the veterinary field and the perspectives of newrecombinant immunogens.