A biodiversity hotspot losing its top predator: The challenge of jaguar conservation in the Atlantic Forest of South America

AGUSTÍN PAVIOLO; CARLOS DE ANGELO; KATIA M. P. M. B. FERRAZ; RONALDO G. MORATO; JULIA MARTÍNEZ PARDO; ANA C. SRBEK-ARAUJO; BEATRIZ DE MELLO BEISIEGEL; FERNANDO LIMA; DENIS SANA; MARINA XAVIER DA SILVA; MYRIAM C. VELÁZQUEZ ; LAURY CULLEN ; PETER CRAWSHAW JR; MARÍA LUISA S. P. JORGE; PEDRO M. GALETTI; MARIO S. DI BITETTI; ROGERIO CUNHA DE PAULA; EDUARDO EIZIRIK; T. MITCHELL AIDE; PAULA CRUZ; MIRIAM L. L. PERILLI ; ANDIARA S. M. C. SOUZA; VERÓNICA QUIROGA; EDUARDO NAKANO; FREDY RAMÍREZ PINTO; SIXTO FERNÁNDEZ; SEBASTIAN COSTA; EDSEL A. MORAES JR; FERNANDO AZEVEDO

Scientific Reports

Springer Nature

Año: 2016 vol. 6

2045-2322

The jaguar is the top predator of the Atlantic Forest (AF), which is a highly threatened biodiversity hotspot that occurs in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. By combining data sets from 14 research groups across the region, we determine the population status of the jaguar and propose a spatial prioritization for conservation actions. About 85% of the jaguar?s habitat in the AF has been lost and only 7% remains in good condition. Jaguars persist in around 2.8% of the region, and live in very low densities in most of the areas. The population of jaguars in the AF is probably lower than 300 individuals scattered in small sub-populations. We identified seven Jaguar Conservation Units (JCUs) and seven potential JCUs, and only three of these areas may have ≥50 individuals. A connectivity analysis shows that most of theJCUs are isolated. Habitat loss and fragmentation were the major causes for jaguar decline, but human induced mortality is the main threat for the remaining population. We classified areas according to their contribution to jaguar conservation and we recommend management actions for each of them.