Gastrointestinal Hormones Controlling Energy Homeostasis and Their Potential Role in Obesity

ANDREOLI M. F.; DE FRANCESCO NICOLÁS; PERELLO MARIO

Textbook of Energy Balance, Neuropeptide Hormones, and Neuroendocrine Function

Springer Nature

Año: 2018;

Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones are a family of peptides secreted by endocrinecells located in the GI tract. Currently, GI hormones group more than 50 hormonegenes that give rise to a multitude of bioactive peptides. All GI hormonesplay a key role in communicating cells within the GI tract in order to regulateand coordinate numerous GI functions, including secretion, absorption, anddigestion, as well as motility. In addition, around a dozen of GI hormones arealso able to play a role regulating glycemia and body weight. Here, we focuson some of the key GI hormones that are believed to play a relevant role in thecontrol of the energy homeostasis: ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagonlikepeptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), oxyntomodulin(OXM), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and somatostatin (SST). We brieflyreview their physiological role, and we discuss their potential implications inpathophysiology of the obesity.