Time of nitrogen application affects nitrogen use efficiency of wheat in the humid pampas of Argentina

PABLO ANDR¨¦S BARBIERI, HERN¨¢N SAINZ ROZAS AND HERN¨¢N EDUARDO ECHEVERR¨ªA

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE

AIC

Año: 2008 vol. 88 p. 849 - 857

0008-4220

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is an important management practice to increased grain yield; however, it is imperative to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in order to diminish risks of environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fertilization times on wheat grain yield, grain N accumulation and grain N recovery efficiency (RE) in different sites and years at the south-eastern wheat belt of the Pampas. The experiments were a factorial combination of N rates and fertilization times (sowing and tillering). Grain yield ranged from 1600 to 7900 kg ha1 and fertilization at tillering increased grain yield compared with fertilization at sowing (5465 vs. 5110 kg ha-1), similar behavior was observed for grain N accumulation (95 vs. 86 kg ha1) and RE (0.41 vs. 0.32). Predicted grain yield by CERES-Wheat model for different N rates and fertilization times was correlated with observ-ed grain yield (r20.71). While fertilization at tillering significantly increased grain yield, CERES-Wheat model estimated nitrate leaching losses that ranged from 12 to 62 kg N ha1 and from 7 to 16 kg N ha-1 for fertilization at sowing and tillering, respectively. However, denitrification losses ranged from 1.2 to 3.9 and from 0.5 to 2.4 kg N ha-1 for fertilization at sowing and tillering, respectively. Leaching losses for fertilization at sowing are a consequence of water excess early in the growing season and would be the main N loss factor. Therefore, N application at tillering is an appropriate strategy to improve NUE in the south-eastern wheat belt of the Pampas. Key words: Wheat, fertilization time, nitrogen use efficiency, N losses, CERES-Wheat