Analysis of fumonisin contamination in durum and common wheat in Argentina

CENDOYA E.; MONGE M.P.; CHIACCHIERA S.M.; FARNOCHI M.C.; RAMIREZ M.L.

Roterdam

Conferencia; 7th Conference of The World Mycotoxin Forum y XIII the IUPAC International Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins; 2012

WMF and IUPAC

The main pathogen associated with FHB (Fusarium Head Blight) in common and durum wheat in Argentina is Fusarium graminearum Schw, perfect stage Gibberella zeae (Schw) Petch. Also deoxynivalenol has been reported in both types of wheat. However during a non-FHB epidemic year the predominant Fusarium species found in common and durum wheat are those belonging to G. fujikuroi species complex (mainly F. proliferatum). Moreover fumonisin contamination has been reported in both kinds of wheat and subproducts in many countries but not in Argentina, where fumonisins were reported only in durum wheat. In the present study 135 common wheat and 40 durum wheat samples were analyzed in order to determinate the presence of fumonisin B1 (FB1). Samples were collected from the main wheat production area in Argentina during 2011 harvest season. Mycotoxins were extracted using SAX columns, and analyzed by HPLC LC/MS/MS. FB1 contamination was present in 92 % of the samples ranging from 0.13 to 1304 ng/g, 130 out of 135 and 30 out of 40 in common and durum wheat samples, respectively. Twenty nine common wheat samples showed FB1 levels ranging from 10 to 680 ng/g, while amounts from 0.14 to 10 ng/g were detected in 101 common wheat samples. Most of durum wheat samples showed FB1 levels ranging from 0.13 to 10 ng/g (19 durum wheat samples) but 11 durum wheat samples showed levels ranging from 10 to 1304 ng/g, being this amount the highest found in the present study. This is the first report of fumonisin contamination in common wheat in Argentina.