A karyotypic review of 47 South American bufonids (Anura, Bufonidae)

NATALIA MARTÍNEZ; JUAN MARTÍN FERRO; LEONARDO COTICHELLI; ALBERTO TAFFAREL; AILIN BLASCO-ZÚNIGA; MARTIN PEREYRA; R. BORSCHEIN; M. PIE; CLAUDIO BORTEIRO; FRANCISCO KOLENC; M. RIVERA; DIEGO BALDO

Congreso; International Congress of Genetics; 2018

The anuran family Bufonidae is a monophyletic taxon with a cosmopolitan distribution thatcomprises 604 species arranged in 54 genera. To date, cytogenetic data are available forapproximately 130 species and restricted to chromosome number and morphology for most ofthese specices. In this work, we present a cytogenetic review of 47 species of the neotropicalgenera Melanophryniscus (19 spp.), Dendrophryniscus (1 sp.), Osornophryne (1 sp.), Atelopus (1sp.), Amazophrynella (2 spp.), Nannophryne (1 sp.), Rhaebo (1 sp.) and Rhinella (21 spp.). Inorder to determine the usefulness of different chromosome markers, we study the diploid number(2n), fundamental number (FN), heterochromatin patterns and location of nucleolar organizerregions (NORs). Chromosome preparations were achieved from cells of intestinal epithelium, byperforming conventional staining and differential banding techniques (C-Banding, Ag-NORs andDAPI). All the studied species showed a diploid number of 2n = 2x = 22, character state thatoptimizes as a synapomorphy of Commutabirana (Bufonidae, Allophrynidae, Centrolenidae,Odontophrynidae, Leptodactylidae and Brachycephaloidea). Moreover, the character state FN =44 is shared by almost all species of Bufonidae, with exception of Osornophryne (FN = 42) andAmazophrynella bokermanni (FN = 40). The C-bands patterns are also highly conserved inBufonidae, showing a mainly pericentromeric pattern. On the other hand, the NOR locationshowed interesting variability, and are observed on pairs 1, 4?8, 10 or 11, providing putativephylogenetic information. Finally, we discuss the chromosome evolution of Bufonidae consideringall available cytogenetic information and most inclusive phylogenetic hypothesis for this group.