Biodistribution of liposome/DNA systems after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal inoculation

NADIA SILVIA CHIARAMONI; JULIETA GASPARRI; LUCÍA SPERONI; MARÍA CRISTINA TAIRA; SILVIA DEL VALLE ALONSO

JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH

InformaWorld

Lugar: Londres; Año: 2009 p. 1 - 11

0898-2104

Abstract In this work we analyzed protein interaction cell toxicity and biodistribution of liposome formulation for further possible applications as DNA vehicles in gene therapy protocols. In relation to protein interaction, cationic liposomes showed the lowest protein interaction but this parameter was incremented with DNA association. On the other hand, noncharged liposomes presented high protein interaction but DNA association decreased this parameter. Protein interaction of polymeric liposomes did not change with DNA association. Cell toxicity of these three liposome formulations was low, cell death became present at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/ml, and these concentrations were higher than those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/ml, and these concentrations were higher than those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. therapy protocols. In relation to protein interaction, cationic liposomes showed the lowest protein interaction but this parameter was incremented with DNA association. On the other hand, noncharged liposomes presented high protein interaction but DNA association decreased this parameter. Protein interaction of polymeric liposomes did not change with DNA association. Cell toxicity of these three liposome formulations was low, cell death became present at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/ml, and these concentrations were higher than those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/ml, and these concentrations were higher than those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. liposome formulation for further possible applications as DNA vehicles in gene therapy protocols. In relation to protein interaction, cationic liposomes showed the lowest protein interaction but this parameter was incremented with DNA association. On the other hand, noncharged liposomes presented high protein interaction but DNA association decreased this parameter. Protein interaction of polymeric liposomes did not change with DNA association. Cell toxicity of these three liposome formulations was low, cell death became present at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/ml, and these concentrations were higher than those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/ml, and these concentrations were higher than those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. therapy protocols. In relation to protein interaction, cationic liposomes showed the lowest protein interaction but this parameter was incremented with DNA association. On the other hand, noncharged liposomes presented high protein interaction but DNA association decreased this parameter. Protein interaction of polymeric liposomes did not change with DNA association. Cell toxicity of these three liposome formulations was low, cell death became present at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/ml, and these concentrations were higher than those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/ml, and these concentrations were higher than those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method.  and biodistribution of liposome formulation for further possible applications as DNA vehicles in gene therapy protocols. In relation to protein interaction, cationic liposomes showed the lowest protein interaction but this parameter was incremented with DNA association. On the other hand, noncharged liposomes presented high protein interaction but DNA association decreased this parameter. Protein interaction of polymeric liposomes did not change with DNA association. Cell toxicity of these three liposome formulations was low, cell death became present at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/ml, and these concentrations were higher than those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/ml, and these concentrations were higher than those usually used in transfection assays. In the case of noncharged and polymeric liposomes, toxicity increased upon interaction with serum proteins. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. DNA/liposome mediated tissue distribution was analyzed in Balb-c female mice. Results indicated that noncharged liposomes were able to deliver DNA to liver after ip inoculation; while polymeric liposomes were able to deliver DNA to kidney using the same inoculation route. Cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to a wide range of tissues by ip route (liver, intestine, kidney, blood). After sc inoculation, only cationic liposomes were able to deliver DNA to blood, but not the other two formulations within the detection limits of the method. Results indicated tha