CONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos Humanos

Sperm whales (Physeteroidea) include today only two genera of morphologically disparate odontocetes: the largesttoothed whale known (Physeter macrocephalus) and small sized forms (Kogia spp.). In contrast, their fossil record indicatesa high diversity for the group during the Miocene, with over 20 species recognized. Miocene marine sediments fromPatagonia (Argentina) record this diversity, including at least five species. Among them, Preaulophyseter gualichensis,from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, has been one of the most enigmatic. Despite the fragmentarynature of the type and referred materials (isolated teeth and periotics), which casts some doubts on its validity, this specieshas not been revised since its original description. In this contribution, we re-describe the materials referred to P. gualichensis,revise the taxonomic status of the species and evaluate the phylogenetic signal of ear bones among Physeteroidea.Our results indicate that the physeteroid tympano-periotic complex morphology is poorly diagnostic at the species level.Intraspecific variation (including ontogeny and sexual dimorphism) and/or taphonomic processes cannot be ruled out asthe causes of the minor differences observed among specimens. We suggest that sperm whale tympano-perioticsretain many plesiomorphic characters and are diagnostic only between kogiids and non-kogiid physeteroids. Based on the fragmentaryand isolated state of the studied specimens, and the lack of diagnostic characters in both teeth and periotics, weconsider P. gualichensis as nomen dubium and we re-assign the referred specimens as Physeteroidea indet. A conservativemorphology of the tympano-periotic and, to a lesser extent, the nasal complex in sperm whales, might result from themorpho-functional constraints imposed by a highly specialized but successful echolocation system.

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