Marcadores genéticos para resistencia y susceptibilidad a enfermedades infecciosas en animales domésticos. Los loci del Complejo Principal de Histocompatibilidad (MHC) como genes candidatos

DIAZ, S.; RIPOLI, M.V.; PERAL-GARCIA, P; GIOVAMBATTISTA,G.

ANALECTA VETERINARIA

Universidad Nacional La Plata

Lugar: La Plata; Año: 2005 vol. 25 p. 40 - 52

Infectious diseases in farm animals are the main cause of morbidity and mortality and because of the consequent productive losses is considered one of the major sanitary problems in developing countries. The outcome of infection can be divided into environment, pathogen and host factors. Several investigations have intended to relate the probability of acquire or develop a disease and the genetic constitution of the individuals. Major Histocompatibility Complex loci are proposed as candidate genes due to their role on the immune system. In this review the principal strategies to detect the genetic component of susceptibility/resistance are described and the general norms to select the accurate method are detailed. Moreover, the main results obtained in different farm animals: equine (sarcoids, insect dermal hipersensibility), bovine (leukosis, mastitis, dermatophilosis), canine (leishmaniasis) and poultry (Marek´s disease) are presented. Finally, a brief description of association studies with other candidate non-MHC genes is mentioned, and the present status and future perspectives are discussed.