Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in South America: Their Diversity in Past, Present and Future Research

EDUARDO NOUHRA; GOETZ PALFNER; FRANCISCO KUHAR; PASTOR, NICOLÁS; MATTHEW SMITH

Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America

Springer

Lugar: Luxemburgo; Año: 2019; p. 73 - 95

This chapter compiles data on various aspects of ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa research, carried out in South America (SA) since the first studies in the early 1900. Early research was achieved by foreign mycologists and the development of the first biological research centers in the region. The diversity of fungal taxa and data on the associated plant hosts and ecosystems are described based on biological and phytogeographic characteristics. Most publications on the topic were revised, the ectomycorrhizal lineages registered and species richness estimated based on fruiting bodies records and sequence data, derived from root tips of ectomycorrhizal hosts as well as OTU sequences from metabarcoding analysis. The review compiles previous and recent data for various areas of interest along the Andes, Guiana, Amazonian basin and the northeastern coast of SA. Additional research aspects such as physiology, cellular biology, chemistry, chemotaxonomy and mycosociology are briefly addressed.