PPARalpha agonists regulates lipid metabolism and nitric oxide production and prevents placental overgrowth in term placentas from diabetic rats

MARTINEZ N; KURTZ M; CAPOBIANCO E; HIGA R; WHITE V

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD

Lugar: Reino Unido; Año: 2011 vol. 47 p. 1 - 12

0952-5041

Maternal diabetes impairs fetoplacental metabolism and growth. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARa) is a nuclear receptor capable of regulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways. In this study, we analyzed whether placental and fetal PPARa activation regulates lipid metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) production in term placentas from diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by neonatal streptozotocin administration. On day 21 of pregnancy, placentas from control and diabetic rats were cultured in the presence of PPARa agonists (clofibrate and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4))) for further evaluation of levels, synthesis, and peroxidation of lipids as well as NO production. Besides, on days 19, 20, and 21 of gestation, fetuses were injected with LTB(4), and the placentas were explanted on day 21 of gestation for evaluation of placental weight and concentrations of placental lipids, lipoperoxides, and NO metabolites. We found that placentas from diabetic rats showed reduced PPARa concentrations. They presented no lipid overaccumulation but reduced lipid synthesis, parameters negatively regulated by PPARa activators. Lipid peroxidation and NO production, increased in placentas from diabetic rats, were negatively regulated by PPARá activators. Fetal PPARá activation in diabetic rats does not change placental lipid concentrations but reduced placental weight and NO production. In conclusion, PPARa activators regulate lipid metabolism and NO production in term placentas from diabetic rats, an activation that regulates placental growth and can partly be exerted by the developing fetus.