Proteomics Applications in Toxoplasma gondii: Unveiling the Host–Parasite Interactions and Therapeutic Target Discovery

DENG, BIN; VANAGAS, LAURA; ALONSO, ANDRES M.; ANGEL, SERGIO O.

Pathogens

MDPI

Año: 2023 vol. 13

Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite with the ability to infect various warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans, is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. This infection poses significantrisks, leading to severe complications in immunocompromised individuals and potentially affectingthe fetus through congenital transmission. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate molecularinteractions between T. gondii and its host is pivotal for the development of effective therapeuticstrategies. This review emphasizes the crucial role of proteomics in T. gondii research, with a specificfocus on host–parasite interactions, post-translational modifications (PTMs), PTM crosstalk, andongoing efforts in drug discovery. Additionally, we provide an overview of recent advancementsin proteomics techniques, encompassing interactome sample preparation methods such as BioID(BirA*-mediated proximity-dependent biotin identification), APEX (ascorbate peroxidase-mediatedproximity labeling), and Y2H (yeast two hybrid), as well as various proteomics approaches, includingsingle-cell analysis, DIA (data-independent acquisition), targeted, top-down, and plasma proteomics.Furthermore, we discuss bioinformatics and the integration of proteomics with other omics technologies, highlighting its potential in unraveling the intricate mechanisms of T. gondii pathogenesis andidentifying novel therapeutic targets.