Biomarkers of genotoxicity, immunotoxicity and oxidative stress on Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted caiman) hatchlings exposed to pesticide formulations and mixtures widely used in agriculture

LÓPEZ GONZÁLEZ, EVELYN; MARÍA LAURA ROMITO; LATORRE, MA. AGUSTINA; SIROSKI, PABLO A.; POLETTA, GISELA L.

Environmental Advances

Elsevier

Año: 2021 vol. 5

2666-7657

Pesticide formulations are currently considered as one of the main factors responsible for environ-mental contamination worldwide. Consequently, several wild species can be affected by the over use of pesticides related to agriculture activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity, im-munotoxicity and oxidative stress on Caiman latirostris hatchlings exposed in vivo to sub-lethal con-centrations of three insecticide formulations: Endosulfan (END)-, Cypermethrin (CYP)-, and Chlorpyrifos (CPF)- based formulations, two Glyphosate (GLY)- based herbicide formulations and two different ternary complex mixtures of them.C. latirostris hatchlings, 20 days old were exposed in plastics containers with pesticide solutions (by voluntary immersion) during two months, with a progressive decrease in pesticide concentrations through time, in order to simulate their degradation in water under natural conditions.After exposure, blood samples were taken to all animals for the analysis of genotoxicity (Comet as-say, Micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities) immunotoxicity (Total and differential white blood cell counts) and oxidative stress (Lipoperoxidation and the antioxidant enzymes Catalase and Superoxide dismutase).Results that indicated the five formulation tested as well as the complex mixtures of them induced genotoxicity, alteration in white blood cell counts and oxidative stress at environmentally relevant concentrations. Mixtures showed different interactions depending of the biomarker analyzed.This study constitutes an integral evaluation of the effect of five pesticide formulations and two pos-sible complex ternary mixtures widely used in soybean crops in Argentina, on different endpoints on a native reptile species, C. latirostris.