Glyphosate and Arsenic Genotoxicity Studies in a Native Fish.

GONZALEZ NUÑEZ AA; MASTRANGELO MM; OSSANA NA

VIRTUAL

Congreso; Abstract Book SETAC Latin America 14th Biennial Meeting; 2021

SETAC

Arsenic (As) is a metalloid widely distributed throughout the Pampasic region. Glyphosate (Gli) is the active ingredient of Roundop® an agrotoxic used in crops in Argentina, where environmental As and Gli concentrations are higher than those established by current legislation. Exposure to this xenobiotics has been shown, to cause harm to aquatic animals but few studies have evaluated in mixtures both pollutants. The aim of this study was evaluates the genotoxic effect of both, As and Gli, in a native fish, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. The Micronucleus (MN) and Nuclear Aberrations (AN) test, and the Comet Assay (CA) are genotoxicity biomarkers that indicate the level of DNA damage. In this study, an acute exposure test (96 hours) was carried out in glass fish aquaria in a culture chamber with an acclimatization period of two weeks. Adults animals both sexes obteined from laboratory culture were used and they were distributed in the following treatments in triplicate: 0.5 mg As (III)/ L + Moderately Hard Water (MHW), 10 mg Gli/ L + MHW, 0.5 mg As (III)/ L +10 mg Gli/ L + MHW, Negative control (CN - MHW), Positive Control for genotoxicity (PC - 10 mg cyclophosphamide/ L) + MHW. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis with Tukey or Dunn´s posterior test using Infostat software. 1500 cells were counted per sample and the amount of MN and NA were recorded, classifying them as: notch, cutout, peanut, lobed, twinned, buds and double nucleus. Regarding the MN frequency, no significant differences were observed. For AN, a significant increase (+100%) was observed in all treatments with respect to NC. In the CA, types of damage (0 + I, without damage, II moderate damage, III damage and IV severe damage) were counted every 100 cells per individual; the Genomic Damage Index (GDI) was calculated and it was observed that there was an increase (+100%) in all treatments with respect to CN, being significant for the concentrations of Gli, CP and the mixture of contaminants (As+Gli). The percentage of cells with severe damage also increases in the case of the mixture. The fish exposed to As showed a higher percentage of grade II nucleoids while those exposed to Gli showed a higher percentage of grade III nucleoids. Animals in the wild are constantly exposed to a mixtures of pollutants. Our preliminary results highlight the importance of evaluating both contaminants in a native species used as a test organism for monitoring.