Grape pomace extract induced beige cells in white adipose tissue and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes *CA: corresponding author

RODRIGUEZ LANZI, C; PERDICARO, DJ; LANDA, MS; FONTANA, AF; ANTONIOLLI, A; MIATELLO, RM; OTEIZA, PI; VAZQUEZ PRIETO, MA (CA)

JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY

ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2018 vol. 56 p. 224 - 233

0955-2863

This study investigated the effects of a grape pomace extract (GPE) rich in phenolic compounds, on brown-like adipocyte induction and adiposity in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and control normotensive Wistar?Kyoto (WKY)rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). HFD consumption for 10 weeks significantly increased epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in WKY but not in SHR rats. Supplementation with GPE (300 mg/kg body weight/day) reduced adipocytediameter and increased levels of proteins that participate in adipogenesis and angiogenesis, i.e. peroxisomeproliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), vascular endothelial grow factor-A (VEGF-A) and its receptor 2 (VEGF-R2), and partially increased the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in WKY. In both strains, GPE attenuated adipose inflammation. In eWAT from SHR, GPE increased the expression of proteins involved in adipose tissue ?browning? i.e. PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), PPARγ, PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and UCP-1. In primary cultures of SHR adipocytes, GPE-induced UCP-1 upregulation was dependent on p38 and ERK activation. Accordingly, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with palmitate the addition of GPE (30 μM) activated the β-adrenergic signaling cascade (PKA, AMPK, p38, ERK). This led to the associated upregulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, PPARγ, PRDM16 and UCP-1) and fatty acid oxidation (ATGL). These effects were similar to those exerted by (-)-epicatechin and quercetin, major phenolic compounds in GPE. Overall, in HFD-fed rats, supplementation with GPE promoted brown-like cell formation in eWAT and diminished adipose dysfunction. Thus, winemaking residues, rich inbioactive compounds, could be useful to mitigate the adverse effects of HFD-induced adipose dysfunction.