HIGH-RESOLUTION STABLE ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER CAMBRIAN AND

SIAL, A.; PERALTA, S H; GAUCHER, C.; TOSELLI, A.J.; FERREIRA, V.; FREI, R.; PARDADA, M.A.; PIMENTEL, M.M.; CHIGLINO, L.

GONDWANA RESEARCH

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2012 vol. 24 p. 330 - 348

1342-937X

We have searched for the register of important carbon isotope excursions in Early 28 Paleozoic formations of the Eastern and Central Argentine Precordillera. The Steptoean 29 positive isotope carbon excursion (SPICE) is known from North America, Kazakstan, 30 South China, Australia and South America, and the negative isotope carbon excursion 31 (SNICE) has been described by the first time in South America. We report here the 32 register of the SPICE and SNICE in a same section in the Eastern Precordillera. In the 33 Central Precordillera, a minor Middle Darriwilian positive carbon isotope excursion 34 (MDICE) and a Late Sandbian positive isotope carbon excursion, the GICE (= 35 Chatfieldian anomaly) have been registered in two sections. One pre-GICE positive 36 carbon-isotope excursion (Sandbian S1, N. gracilis biozone) in the Central Precordillera with 13C peak of ~ +3? is, perhaps, equivalent to the positive Spechts Ferry 1337 C excursion of North America. A positive 1338 C excursion registered at the base of the 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. excursion of North America. A positive 1338 C excursion registered at the base of the 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. with 13C peak of ~ +3? is, perhaps, equivalent to the positive Spechts Ferry 1337 C excursion of North America. A positive 1338 C excursion registered at the base of the 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. excursion of North America. A positive 1338 C excursion registered at the base of the 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. N. gracilis biozone) in the Central Precordillera with 13C peak of ~ +3? is, perhaps, equivalent to the positive Spechts Ferry 1337 C excursion of North America. A positive 1338 C excursion registered at the base of the 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. excursion of North America. A positive 1338 C excursion registered at the base of the 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 13C peak of ~ +3? is, perhaps, equivalent to the positive Spechts Ferry 1337 C excursion of North America. A positive 1338 C excursion registered at the base of the 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 1338 C excursion registered at the base of the 39 Upper Hirnantian La Chilca Fomation probably corresponds to HICE. 40 These carbon-isotope excursions resulted from more than one factor where 41 oceanographic events probably played major role: (a) sea-level rise and vigorous 42 fluctuations in the Steptoean (SPICE), (b) sea-level fall in the Sunwaptan (SNICE), (c) 43 important transgression in the Sandbian (pre-GICE and GICE), and (d) sea-level fall in 44 the Late Hirnantian (HICE). In the Darriwilian and Sandbian stages, organic burial has led to a large 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 1245 C sequestration in deep ocean anoxia with saline bottom water, recorded 46 by the graptoliferous black shales in the Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations in 47 Central Precordillera, helped the building of the MDICE, one pre-GICE and GICE 48 anomalies. 1849 O values for the Upper Cambrian carbonates are likely near-primary oxygen 50 isotope signals that point to progressive cooling from the SPICE to the SNICE, whereas for Sandbian carbonates they indicate strong temperature fluctuations. The 1351 C peaks 50 isotope signals that point to progressive cooling from the SPICE to the SNICE, whereas for Sandbian carbonates they indicate strong temperature fluctuations. The 1351 C peaks 1849 O values for the Upper Cambrian carbonates are likely near-primary oxygen 50 isotope signals that point to progressive cooling from the SPICE to the SNICE, whereas for Sandbian carbonates they indicate strong temperature fluctuations. The 1351 C peaks1351 C peaks *Manuscript Click here to view linked References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 of the GICE and 52 a pre-GICE coincide with cooler periods with temperatures becoming 53 even cooler in the Late Hirnantian. In the Zonda Formation, 87Sr/8654 Sr ratios from 0.7090 to 0.7109 while in Los Azules 55 and Las Aguaditas formations, ratios are around 0.7090. Five carbonate samples (from 56 San Juan, Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations) yielded εNd values that plot along 57 the Nd isotopic evolution trend of the Iapetus Ocean. 58 Together, the register of global Upper Cambrian and Ordovician carbon-isotope 59 excursions in the Argentine Precordillera is a valuable proxy in refining of Early 60 Paleozoic stratigraphy, establishing of regional/global high-resolution correlations, and 61 sea-level change history in South America. 57 the Nd isotopic evolution trend of the Iapetus Ocean. 58 Together, the register of global Upper Cambrian and Ordovician carbon-isotope 59 excursions in the Argentine Precordillera is a valuable proxy in refining of Early 60 Paleozoic stratigraphy, establishing of regional/global high-resolution correlations, and 61 sea-level change history in South America. 55 and Las Aguaditas formations, ratios are around 0.7090. Five carbonate samples (from 56 San Juan, Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations) yielded εNd values that plot along 57 the Nd isotopic evolution trend of the Iapetus Ocean. 58 Together, the register of global Upper Cambrian and Ordovician carbon-isotope 59 excursions in the Argentine Precordillera is a valuable proxy in refining of Early 60 Paleozoic stratigraphy, establishing of regional/global high-resolution correlations, and 61 sea-level change history in South America. 57 the Nd isotopic evolution trend of the Iapetus Ocean. 58 Together, the register of global Upper Cambrian and Ordovician carbon-isotope 59 excursions in the Argentine Precordillera is a valuable proxy in refining of Early 60 Paleozoic stratigraphy, establishing of regional/global high-resolution correlations, and 61 sea-level change history in South America. 87Sr/8654 Sr ratios from 0.7090 to 0.7109 while in Los Azules 55 and Las Aguaditas formations, ratios are around 0.7090. Five carbonate samples (from 56 San Juan, Gualcamayo and Los Azules formations) yielded εNd values that plot along 57 the Nd isotopic evolution trend of the Iapetus Ocean. 58 Together, the register of global Upper Cambrian and Ordovician carbon-isotope 59 excursions in the Argentine Precordillera is a valuable proxy in refining of Early 60 Paleozoic stratigraphy, establishing of regional/global high-resolution correlations, and 61 sea-level change history in South America. 57 the Nd isotopic evolution trend of the Iapetus Ocean. 58 Together, the register of global Upper Cambrian and Ordovician carbon-isotope 59 excursions in the Argentine Precordillera is a valuable proxy in refining of Early 60 Paleozoic stratigraphy, establishing of regional/global high-resolution correlations, and 61 sea-level change history in South America. εNd values that plot along 57 the Nd isotopic evolution trend of the Iapetus Ocean. 58 Together, the register of global Upper Cambrian and Ordovician carbon-isotope 59 excursions in the Argentine Precordillera is a valuable proxy in refining of Early 60 Paleozoic stratigraphy, establishing of regional/global high-resolution correlations, and 61 sea-level change history in South America.