Anthropogenic invaders: historical biogeography, current genetic status and distribution range of the “peludo” Chaetophractus villosus (Xenarthra) in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, southern South America

POLJAK, SEBASTIÁN; SÁNCHEZ, JULIETA; LANUSSE, LUCAS; LIZARRALDE, MARTA SUSANA

MAMMALIA

WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO

Año: 2020 vol. 0

0025-1461

Chaetophractus villosus was once distributedfrom the south of Bolivia and Paraguay to the northwest of Patagonia, where the species survived in glacial refugia during Pleistocene. After the ice retreated, the species expanded its distribution further south reaching Chubut River. In the last two centuries, the species colonized the rest of Patagonia on both sides of the Andes and was introduced in Tierra del Fuego (TDF) in 1982, where it expanded its distribution range along 484 km2 until2005. A single mitochondrial Control Region haplotype (HC) was described across Argentine Patagonia based on the low number of samples. This lack of variability was exceptional and impressive, taking into account that the northern neighboring areas of distribution are considered ancestral due to the haplotype richness. Here, we added new field and genetic data and compiled recent bibliography to update the biogeography and phylogeographyof the species in southern South America. To explain the unprecedent lack of genetic variability, we discussedthree main aspects: a historical biogeographic aspect related to the natural barriers for the species, a strong stochastic component, and the possible adaptive advantages of the only mitochondrial lineage detected, whose colonization and acclimatization to the new environment were mediated by man. We also estimated that the current distribution range in TDF is about 8527 km2.