Increased cropping intensity improves crop residue input to the soil and aggregate-associated soil organic carbon stock

NOVELLI, L.E.; CAVIGLIA, O.P; PIÑEIRO, G

SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2017 vol. 165 p. 128 - 136

0167-1987

Many South American agroecosystems are based mainly on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as a sole crop in the year, which has increased concerns regarding soil conservation and ecosystems sustainability. The increase in cropping intensity (CI) has been suggested as a strategy to improve crop residue inputs, which in turn, may increase soil aggregation and soil organic C (SOC) storage, while maintaining or even increasing total sequence yields. Our objective was to evaluate the relationships between CI and crop residue input with SOC storage and soil aggregation in two contrasting northeastern Argentinean Pampas soils under no-till. Two parallel experiments were established in a Mollisol and a Vertisol evaluating six cropping sequences, starting from soybean monoculture and increasing the number of crops per year and crop diversity. Crop residue inputs to the soil (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and total biomass), grain yield, the amount of macroaggregates (MA), SOC stored inside macroagregates (SOCMA) and total SOC stocks were measured in both soils two years after the beginning of cropping sequences, at three soil depths. Soil organic C stocks, MA and SOCMA were all positively related with CI in both soils at 0-5 cm depth. All soil variables were lowest in simple rotations (soybean monoculture) and increased with more complex rotations (double cropping with cereals and legumes), although differences were significant (P