Oxidative Stress and Genomic Damage Induced In Vitro in Human Biological Trace Element Research Peripheral Blood by Two Preventive Treatments of Iron Deficiency Anemia

GAMBARO R; SEOANE AI; PADULA G

BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH

HUMANA PRESS INC

Año: 2018

0163-4984

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency and the main cause of anemia worldwide. Since children aged 6?24 months are among the most vulnerable groups at risk, daily supplementation with ferrous sulfate is recommended by theArgentine Society of Pediatrics as preventive treatment of anemia. However, a single weekly dose would have fewer adverse sideeffects and has been therefore proposed as an alternative treatment. Ferrous sulfate is known by its pro-oxidative properties,which may lead to increased oxidative stress as well as lipid, protein, and DNA damage. We analyzed the effect of daily andweekly preventive treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on cell viability, oxidative stress, chromosome, and cytomoleculardamage in peripheral blood cultured in vitro. The study protocol included the following: untreated negative control; bleomycin,hydrogen peroxide, or ethanol-treated positive control; daily 0.14 mg ferrous sulfate?supplemented group; and weekly 0.55 mgferrous sulfate?supplemented group. We assessed cell viability (methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium and neutral red assays), lipidperoxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay), antioxidant response (superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymeanalysis), chromosome damage (cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus cytome assay), and cytomolecular damage (comet assay).Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant response, and chromosome and cytomolecular damage decreased after weekly ferrous sulfatesupplementation (p < 0.05), suggesting less oxygen free radical production and decreased oxidative stress and genomic damage.Such a decrease in oxidative stress and genomic damage in vitro positions weekly supplementation as a better alternative for IDAtreatment. Further studies in vivo would be necessary to corroborate whether weekly supplementation could improve IDApreventive treatment compliance in children.