Harmful effects of dermal intake of chlorpyrifos, 2,4-D and glyphosate in common toad Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae).

LAJMANOVICH, R.C.,; ATTADEMO A.M.,; SIMONIELLO M. F; POLETTA G; C. JUNGES; PELTZER P.,; GRENÓN P; CABAGNA ZENKLUSEN M.

WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION

SPRINGER

Lugar: Berlin; Año: 2015 vol. 226 p. 427 - 436

0049-6979

Amphibians have complex life cycles withaquatic and terrestrial life and uncovered skins; therefore,they are exposed to chemical contamination, wheredermal exposure is a significant route for pesticide uptakein both habitats. In this study, measurements inblood samples such as levels of butyrylcholinesterase(BChE), carboxylesterase (CbE), glutathione Stransferases(GST), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), modified alkaline comet assay(ACA) for detection of oxidized bases (FPG and EndoIII sites), as well as the ratio of heterophils and lymphocytes(H/L), were evaluated as non-destructive biomarkersto monitor dermal pesticide exposure in maletoads of Rhinella arenarum. Toads were exposed to asolution containing a nominal concentration of commercialformulations of the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF,10 mg/L), and herbicides 2,4-D and glyphosate (GLY)(20 mg/L, respectively). After 48 h of exposure, thelevels of plasma B-sterases (BChE and CbE) wereinhibited (55 and 43 %, respectively) in toads exposedto CPF. Also, the activity of GST was inducted fordermal exposure to 2,4-D, as well as the levels ofTBARS due to CPF exposure. Besides this, CPF and2,4-D exposure induced oxidative DNA damage, andthe H/L ratio decreased for the both herbicide exposures.Our results showed that exposure via dermal uptake toCPF, 2,4-D, and GLY in the common toad R. arenaruminduced neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and immunologicaldepression. Thus, some blood biomarkers employedin our study (B-esterases, GST, levels of TBARS, ACA,and H/L ratio) might be used as predictors in health andecological risk assessment of amphibian populationsexposed to OP insecticides and herbicides.