Cocktails of pesticide residues in Prochilodus lineatus fish of the Salado River (South America): First record of high concentrations of polar herbicides

LAJMANOVICH, R.C.,; REPETTI, MARÍA R.; ANA PAULA CUZZIOL BOCCIONI; MICHLIG M; DEMONTE, LUISINA D.; ATTADEMO A.M.,; PELTZER P.,

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2023 vol. 870 p. 162019 - 162020

0048-9697

Muscle and viscera (gills-liver) of the fish Prochilodus lineatus were obtained from four sites of lower course of Saladoriver and one site at Santa Fe river near to its confluence with Salado river from Santa Fe (Argentina) betweenDecember 2021 and February 2022. Sediment samples were also obtained from the same sites. All samples were ana-lyzed for pesticide residues following the QuEChERS method to quantify 136 compounds by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS andGC-EI-MS/MS. Overall, muscle fish tissue showed very high concentrations (maximum concentrations detected) of theinsecticide cypermethrin (204 μg/kg), polar herbicides (glyphosate; 187 μg/kg and its degradation product(aminomethylphosphonic acid) AMPA; 3116 μg/kg, and glufosinate-ammonium; 677 μg/kg), and the fungicidepyraclostrobin (50 μg/kg). In viscera samples, high values of cypermethrin (506 μg/kg), chlorpyrifos (78 μg/kg),and lambdacyhalothrin (73 μg/kg) were the main pesticides found. Mean residues concentrations detected amongsites were not significantly different neither in muscle nor viscera of P. lineatus in most of the cases. Exceptionally,the southernmost studied site of the Lower Salado river showed significant differences in concentration of residuesfound in muscle, due to high concentrations of glyphosate and glufosinate-amonium (KW = 11.879 and KW =13.013, respectively, P <0.05). Other norther Lower Salado river site showed significant higher AMPA concentrationin fish viscera than in the rest of the studied sites (KW = 12.86 P <0.05). Some sediment samples showed low levels ofherbicides such as glyphosate (24 μg/kg) and fungicides. However, the world highest levels of polar herbicides wererecorded in fish muscle. The results of this study highlight the need for periodic monitoring due to the high concentra-tion of pesticides and its potential risk in a very important commercial freshwater fish from Argentina, which is con-sumed locally and exported to other countries for human consumption