First detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in Argentina and its association with reproductive failure

SERENA, MARIA SOLEDAD; CAPPUCCIO, JAVIER ALEJANDRO; BARRALES, HERNÁN; METZ, GERMAN E.; ASPITIA, CAROLINA G.; LOZADA, INÉS; PERFUMO, CARLOS J.; QUIROGA, MARÍA ALEJANDRA; PIÑEYRO, PABLO; ECHEVERRÍA, MARIA GABRIELA

TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES

WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

Año: 2020 vol. 00 p. 1 - 6

1865-1674

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is considered a new circovirus and since it firstdescription has been widely reported in most of the swine-producing countries.Multisystemic inflammation and reproductive failure are consistent and concerningissues associated with PCV3 infection. This report describes the clinical and pathological features of a chronic reproductive disorder in a swine herd in Argentina associated with the presence of PCV3. Mummified (n = 42) and stillborn piglets (n = 20)from a case of chronic reproductive disorder (Study A) and mummified and stillbornpiglets (n = 141) from normal deliveries (Study B) were retrospectively assessed forthe presence of multiple reproductive pathogens (PCV3, PCV2, ADV, PPV, Leptospiraspp. and Brucella spp). On study, A PCV3 and PPV were detected in 15 and 8 pools,respectively, with a coinfection rate of 100% in all PPV-positive cases. Three out of131 foetuses from three different sows from Study B were positive only for PCV3.Histological evaluation of hearts from stillborn also showed lesions similar to thosepreviously described in the literature for PCV3-reproductive disease. Partial genomeof PCV3 was amplified and phylogenetic analysis showed that strains of Study A andB clustered within the PCV3a and PCV3b clades, respectively. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the PCV3 has been circulating in Argentina at least since2016 and its potential role in reproductive disorders. Further studies are warrantedto determine the role of PCV3 in the reproductive disease complex and its prevalence in the swine industry in Argentina.