Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids and nordehydroguaiaretic acid in an experimental model of diabetic retinopathy

PIGINO BRUNO G; DIAZ-GEREVINI GT; LOPEZ CB; REPOSSI G

Córdoba

Jornada; XX Jornadas de Investigación Científica de la FCM-UNC; 2019

Secretaría de C y T de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNC

Diabetic retinopathy (RD) is an ocular complication caused by chronic metabolic alterations of diabetes mellitus, being a frequent cause of blindness. Increased levels of products of advanced glycation (AGEs), oxidative stress and chronic inflammation damage the retina. The eSS rats, a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes, show signs of RD. Nutrients such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and antioxidants, such as nordehydroguaiartic acid (NDGA), have demonstrated the ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress associated with diabetes. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of PUFAs ω6 / ω3 and NDGA on levels of AGEs and morphological alterations in the retina of eSS rats.Histological preparations of eyes stained with HE and PAS-H from 30 diabetic eSS male rats and 6 Wistar (healthy control) were analyzed. Diabetic rats were treated monthly for 12 months with 6.25mg / kg of PUFAs ω6 or ω3 with / without the addition of 1.9mg / kg of NDGA intraperitoneally. AGEs were determined by specific autofluorescence (ex: 370 nm; em: 440 nm). Morphological parameters in ganglionic and photoreceptor layers of the retina were analysed using Fiji Image J 1.51 software: 1-Number of cells, estimated according to nucleus count, 2- Average size of nuclei, 3-Percentage of area occupied by nuclei and 4-Percentage of non-nuclear area in each layer. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p≤0.05).An increase (p=0.03) of AGEs in retinal and crystalline (> 60%) was observed in untreated eSS rats, those who received PUFAs ω3 + NDGA showed similar values ​​to Wistar controls. Morphometric analysis detected an increase in the number of cells and nucleus size for the ganglion layer in retinas of rats of the Control eSS and ω6 groups. In the photoreceptor layer, an increase in the size and smaller number of nuclei was observed in Control eSS rats. In those who received ω3 + NDGA, morphometric values ​​similar to those of Wistar rats were observed.Treatment with PUFAS ω3 + NDGA decreased AGEs and improved the values ​​of the morphological parameters studied in the retina of diabetic eSS rats, showing similar values ​​to those observed in non-diabetic controls.