Foot-and-mouth disease epidemiology, vaccines and vaccination: Moving forward

ALEJANDRA CAPOZZO; DE LOS SANTOS, TERESA; VOSLOO, WILNA; PEREZ FILGUEIRA, MARIANO; PEREZ, ANDRES

Frontiers

Año: 2023 p. 184

97828325-29096

Vaccination has played a major role in foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control. Thereare different approaches to the design and implementation of vaccination campaigns,and epidemiological information is paramount in influencing the vaccine and vaccinationstrategy that best suit each geographic location. FMD-endemic regions typically organizevaccination campaigns as a routine preventive control policy or to mitigate the impact of thedisease. The majority of currently used vaccines are formulated with chemically inactivatedwhole-viral particles and suitable adjuvants such as single and double oil emulsions. Themost recent strains circulating in a particular region are typically selected as antigens basedon the results of vaccine-matching data and in vitro experiments, however, predictions basedon vaccine-matching approaches are usually uncertain without a live virus challenge innatural hosts combined with reliable field data. Vaccine selection and successful vaccinationcampaigns rely on a deep knowledge of the epidemiology of the region where these vaccineswill be used, as well as access to the appropriate diagnostic tools to underpin these campaigns.Inactivated vaccines are produced by growing large amounts of live virus, which requiresfacilities with high biosecurity levels and poses a risk of virus escape that may hinder vaccineproduction in FMD-free areas. In addition, inadequate inactivation of the antigen used toformulate vaccines could potentially cause outbreaks, so a residual risk may persist if theprocess does not follow adequate quality standards. New-generation vaccines that can beproduced without culturing fully infectious virus could provide a solution to these risks.Ideally, these vaccines should protect the host against a vast number of FMD strains andprovide at least the same level of protection compared to current, inactivated vaccines.The main objective of this Research Topic was to gather studies focussed on aspectsof FMD vaccine and vaccination to advance the science supporting the implementation ofvaccination campaigns that assist the prevention and control of the disease.