Cryptic genetic structure in an Argentinian population of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) evidenced by SSR markers and quantitative traits

RODRIGUEZ, ANGELES IRIEL; GÓMEZ CENDRA, P.V.; FERREYRA, LAURA I.; VILARDI, J. C.; FERREYRA, LAURA I.; VILARDI, J. C.; LANZAVECCHIA, S.B.; LANZAVECCHIA, S.B.; RODRIGUEZ, ANGELES IRIEL; GÓMEZ CENDRA, P.V.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY (CESKE BUDEJOVICE)

CZECH ACAD SCI

Lugar: Ceske Budejovice; Año: 2019 vol. 116 p. 109 - 122

1210-5759

In some regions of Argentina and Brazil, the South American fruit fl y Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) (Diptera: Teph-ritidae) causes signifi cant damage to crops. An effi cient integrated management program requires knowledge of pest populationdynamics, dispersion patterns, sexual and oviposition behaviour, and adaptive landscape. The present study combined simplesequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers and morphometric datasets in order to analyse the population structure and infer theoviposition resource use strategy of the females. Infested guava fruits were collected from nine wild trees in Tucumán, Argentina,and a total of 140 adult A. fraterculus were recovered. These were then measured for six morphometric traits and 89 of them weregenotyped for eight SSR loci. Genetic variability estimates were high (expected heterozygosity = 0.71, allelic richness = 12.5), with8 to 20 alleles per locus. According to Wright?s F-statistics estimates, the highest proportion (83%) of genetic variation occurredwithin individuals while variance between and within fruits were similar (≈ 8.5%). Analysis of the cryptic genetic structure based onSSR using different approaches, namely discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and sparse non-negative matrixfactorization (SNMF), yielded results consistent with the occurrence of two clusters with virtually no admixture. Average kinshipbetween individuals which had emerged from the same fruit (0.07) was lower than that expected for full-sib families. Univariateand multivariate analyses of phenotypic data showed 54?66% of variance among individuals within fruits and 34?46% amongfruits. The comparison between phenotypic (P ST ) and molecular (F ST ) differentiation identifi ed wing width and length as possibletarget of positive selection. The average kinship and high genetic variation within fruits, together with the highly signifi cant geneticdifferentiation among fruits, supports the hypothesis that each fruit was colonised by about three ovipositing females. The resultsalso indicate that females were able to disperse widely from the emergence site before mating and starting oviposition activity.