Association of the glycaemic index and the glycaemic load with colorectal cancer in the population of Córdoba (Argentina): results of a case-control study using a multilevel modelling approach

HALUSZKA E; DÍAZ MP; DÁVILA VL; OSELLA, AR; ABALLAY LR; NICLIS C

BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS

Lugar: Cambridge; Año: 2019 vol. 25 p. 1 - 22

0007-1145

The glycaemic index (GI) and the glycaemic load (GL) are involved in the aetiology of different diseases and they could be related to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the quality and quantity indicators of carbohydrates consumed by the population of Córdoba (Argentina) and the odds of developing CRC in 2008-2016 period. A case-control study was conducted with 492 participants (161/331 cases/controls), interviewed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between CRC and GI, GL, the quantity or weekly intake of high-GI foods, following adjustment for sex, age, body-mass index, energy intake, family history of cancer, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, socioeconomic status and smoking habits as first-level covariates, and level of urbanization as the contextual variable. Positive associations were observed between CRC and GL and the weekly intake of high-GI foods in the entire sample (OR 1.64 95%CI 1.16, 2.34 and OR 1.11 95%CI 1.09, 1.14, respectively), in males (OR 1.44 95%CI 1.04, 1.99 and OR 1.48 95%CI 1.32, 1.65, respectively) and in women (OR 1.98 95%CI 1.24, 3.18 and OR 1.41 95%CI 1.09, 1.83, respectively). Also GI was associated with CRC in women (OR 2.12 95%CI 1.38, 3.27). In addition to the quantity and quality of carbohydrates intake, it is important to consider the frequency of consumption of high GI foods in the CRC prevention.