Temporal changes in volatile profiles of Varroa destructor-infested brood may trigger hygienic behavior in Apis mellifera

LIENDO; MUNTABASKII; ROMINA RUSSO; LANZAVECCHIA; DF SEGURA; PALACIO, M.A; CLADERA; FERNANDEZ,; ALEJANDRA C SCANNAPIECO

ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA

WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

Lugar: Londres; Año: 2021

0013-8703

Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) is one of the major contributors to the significant losses of western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies worldwide. Hygienic behavior, in which individual workers detect, uncap and remove unhealthy brood, is a type of social immunity that reduces pathogen and parasite loads in the colony. Previous evidence suggests that hygienic worker bees identify diseased brood through olfactory cues. The aims of the present work were 1) to study the hygienic behavior of worker bees toward V.destructor-infested cells at different stages of brood development; 2) to explore changes in brood volatile profiles associated with the progression of mite infestation; 3) to analyze the role of specific volatile compounds in triggering the hygienic behavior. Results showed that the removal rate of infested brood changed along its development and the progression of mite reproduction. Two compounds, ethyl hexanoate and α-pinene, were present in volatile collections from mite-infested pupae but absent from un-infested pupae. Field bioassays showed that these volatiles are relevant to elicit the hygienic behavior. A third compound, β-ocimene, was present in infested and un-infested brood but its abundance pattern varied according to the infestation status throughout brood development. Specifically for un- infested brood, the abundance of β-ocimene showed a reduction in black-eyed pupae, while for infested brood, its abundance decreased drastically in light-pink eyed pupae and remained constant in black-eyed pupae. Our results revealed that olfactory signals associated with V. destructor infestation change as the reproductive cycle of V. destructor progresses inside the cell. These changes can be mimicked to some extent by adding specific volatile compounds to the cell to induce hygienic removal. These findings shed light on the chemical basis of hygienic behavior against V. destructor and could facilitateEntomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Page 2 of 4 of the development of improved hygienic selection tools to breed mite-resistant honey bee colonies.