Evaluation in situ of genotoxic and cytotoxic response in the diploid/polyploid complex Odontophrynus (Anura: Odontophrynidae) inhabiting agroecosystems

POLLO, FAVIO E.; GRENAT, PABLO R.; OTERO, MANUEL A.; BABINI, SELENE; SALAS, NANCY E.; MARTINO, ADOLFO L.

CHEMOSPHERE

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Año: 2019 vol. 216 p. 306 - 312

0045-6535

Polyploidizationhas been documented across a wide range of vertebrates. Gene duplication couldpromote better adaptation to environmental changes and to chronic injury orstress. We investigated if genotoxic and cytotoxic responses to agriculturalimpact are affected by ploidy. We evaluate syntopic populations of the crypticdiploid/polyploid complex Odontophrynuscordobae / O. americanus breedingin an agroecosystem from Central Argentina. The blood of 72 adult anurans was analysed. We used erythrometry to distinguish Odontophrynus individuals with differentploidy levels. We calculated micronucleus frequencies (Mn) and erythrocyticnuclear abnormalities (ENAs) as genotoxic effects and enucleated, mitotic,pyknotic and immature erythrocytes as cytotoxic endpoints (CYT). Mn, ENAs andCYT frequencies were significantly different between diploid and polyploidorganisms. The higher frequencies of Mn and CYT were recorded in polyploidorganisms, and the higher frequency of ENAs was recorded in diploids. Theseresults indicate that stress response, as indicated by most genotoxic andcytotoxic endpoints, was higher in polyploids respect to diploids. Polyploidy couldprovide greater genetic flexibility increasing buffering against exogenousDNA-damaging agents and thus confer an advantage over diploids under certainenvironmental conditions