Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica: The Most Widely Distributed and Cold-Tolerant Southern Beeches in Patagonia

CAROLINA SOLIANI; PAULA MARCHELLI; MONDINO, VÍCTOR; PASTORINO, MARIO; MATTERA, M. GABRIELA; GALLO, LEONARDO; APARICIO, ALEJANDRO G.; ANA DELIA TORRES; TEJERA, LUIS; SCHINELLI, TERESA

Low Intensity Breeding of Native Forest Trees in Argentina

Springer

Año: 2020; p. 117 - 148

Nothofagus pumilio and N.antarctica are main components of the Andean Patagonian Temperate foreststhat occur along all the environmental gradients that characterize thePatagonian region. In this chapter, their main botanical features and naturalranges are presented, as well as the state-of-the-art in genetic studies. Phylogeographicpatterns based on chloroplast DNA help inferring Pleistocene refugia locationand colonization pathways. Both species share haplotypes and interspecifichybridization occurs naturally. A genetic structure analysis through genomicmicrosatellites shows latitudinal trends, species admixture and contact zones. Selectivelogging evidences an effect on patterns of genetic diversity in N. pumilio. The definition of geneticzones contributes to the conservation and management of the genetic resourcesof both species. In addition, quantitative genetic variation and phenotypicplasticity are analyzed under nursery and field conditions, in juvenilemorphological, phenological, physiological and growth rhythms traits. Ecotypicvariation was detected along longitudinal and altitudinal gradients of N. pumilio. Finally, the domesticationand development of low intensity breeding strategies are presented, including aprovenance trial network and seed production areas of N. pumilio, and progeny seed orchards of N. antarctica.