INVESTIGADORES
PREVOSTI Francisco Juan
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
The mammalian predator guild of the Southern Patagonia during the late Pleistocene: ecomorphology, taphonomy and stable isotopes
Autor/es:
FRANCISCO J. PREVOSTI; FABIANA MARTIN
Lugar:
Berna
Reunión:
Congreso; XVIII INQUA Congress; 2011
Institución organizadora:
INQUA
Resumen:
During the late Pleistocene Patagonia had a rich fauna of large mammals
including some megamammals (body size above one tone). This includes a
ground sloth (Mylodon darwini), horse (Hippidion saldiasi), and some
species of camelids (Lama guanicoe, Lama gracilis), at least in
comparison with the present one. The carnivore guild was represented by
several extinct taxa like a sabretooth cat (Smilodon), the Patagonian
panther (Panthera onca mesembrina), a short faced bear (Arctotherium
tarijense) and a large fox (Dusicyon avus), but also the living puma
(Puma concolor). Here for each predator we estimated body size, prey
size and diet habits of each predator, to reconstruct the relationships
within the predator guild and between these carnivores and their
potential preys. The results are compared with the available taphonomic
information for the region, and with preliminary stable isotopes
results. The guild had three felids that were large hypercarnivores, and
two of them (Smilodon, P. onca) could prey on every large mammals. The
short face bear was mainly an omnivore, but surely could have scavenged
and occasionally hunted medium-large mammals like camelids and horses.
D. avus was slightly larger and more carnivorous than the living culpeo
fox (Lycalopex culpaeus), and preyed mostly on small mammals (rodents)
but occasionally on camelids. These indicate that large mammals (e.g.
camelids and horses), could be the more frequent preys of the whole
guild. Taphonomic studies showed that P. onca mensembrina gnawed bones
of Mylodon, Hippidion and camelids, which suggest that these were
frequent preys, and agrees with the ecomorphological interpretations.
The Patagonian panther and fox bones also regularly appear gnawed,
suggesting intraspecies consumption. One interesting point of these
faunas is that the diversity of potential preys is lower than that
observed in lower latitudes (e.g. Pampean Region) but the number of
predators is similar.