Liquid and solid phase microextraction techniques with ionic liquids for trace elements preconcentration

WUILLOUD, RODOLFO G.

Vitoria

Simposio; 14th RIO SYMPOSIUM ON ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY; 2017

Universidade do Espírito Santo (UFES)

Atomic spectrometry-based techniques are widely used for ultra trace determination of elements. However, in order to achieve accurate, reliable and sensitive results, it is necessary to complement sensitive elemental detectors with efficient sample preparation methods that include separation and preconcentration procedures for analyte enrichment and matrix elimination [1]. Furthermore, one of the most decisive turning points in sample preparation has been signalled by the introduction of the dimension of green chemistry into the assessment of analytical methods. Some of the principles of green chemistry, such as prevention of waste generation, the use of safer solvents, and the development of miniaturized methods are directly related to emerging techniques pursuing total and speciation elemental analysis [2]. Among several techniques, liquid-liquid, cloud point and solid phase extractions have been used to accomplish these goals and could provide significant benefits for preserving our environment when are developed at microscale level of solvents, reagents and wastes.Ionic Liquids (ILs) are generally considered to be environmentally friendlier than common organic solvents and have unique characteristics (e.g. no effective vapor pressure, adjustable viscosity and miscibility in aqueous phases) [2,3]. Moreover, they have been proposed as highly efficient extractant phases to improve analyte selectivity and sensitivity, turning them into important tools for chromatographic and spectrometric analysis [3]. Therefore, the combination of ILs with techniques aiming miniaturization of reagents and wastes could provide significant benefits for preserving our environment when analysis is developed. In this lecture, recent developments based on the application of ILs for separation and preconcentration of trace elements and their species will be presented. Modern liquid-liquid and solid-phase microextraction techniques based on ILs, such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D--SPE), will be discussed as well as the benefits of their application in combination with atomic spectrometry-based techniques.References:1 Türker A.R., Separation & Purification Reviews, 41, 2012, 169.2 Mun J., Sim H., Handbook of ionic liquids: Properties, applications and hazards, Nova Science Publishers, 20153 Martinis E.M., Berton P., Wuilloud R.G., Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 60, 2014, 54.