Synflorescence morphology of grasses with reduced terminal inflorescences: a case study of Jouvea (Cynodonteae, Chloridoideae, Poaceae)

MUCHUT, SEBASTIAN; REUTEMANN, ANDREA; UBERTI-MANASSERO, NORA; VEGETTI, ABELARDO

Phytotaxa

Magnolia Press

Lugar: Auckland; Año: 2017 vol. 302 p. 241 - 250

1179-3155

Jouvea is a dioecious genus of grasses with two species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place it in tribe Cynodonteae,closely related to subtribes Hilariinae and Scleropogoninae, and the genera Allolepis and Sohnsia. The staminate inflorescencein Jouvea is an ordinary grass spike of spikelets, but the pistillate inflorescence is represented by a single spikelet whichlacks glumes, has a thick and cylindrical rachilla, lemmas forming a tube that enclose the palea and pistil, stigmas protrudingfrom an apical pore of this tube, and does not have lodicules. Within Cynodonteae, inflorescences reduced to a single spikeletalso occur in subtribe Monanthochloinae, in which the small number of flowers of the terminal inflorescence is compensatedby an increase in the number of lateral floriferous shoots. We here describe the floriferous shoot system (synflorescence) ofJouvea and compare it to other cynodonteae grasses with reduced inflorescences. Jouvea species display a high number oflateral shoots (trophotagma enrichment axes) growing from the medial and distal zones of the synflorescences. These shootshave prophyllar origins and form clusters of lateral inflorescences. The elevated number of trophotagma enrichment axesof Jouvea may be associated with the extreme reduction in the pistillate terminal inflorescence. In addition, the increase innumber of spikelets by the development of prophyllar branches is a unique strategy within tribe Cynodonteae.