Modelling maize and soybean responses to climatic change and soil degradation in a region of South America

CASALI, LUCÍA; HERRERA, JUAN M.; RUBIO, GERARDO

AGRONOMY JOURNAL

AMER SOC AGRONOMY

Año: 2021 vol. 113 p. 1381 - 1393

0002-1962

Climatic change effects on crop yields are expected to be crop- and site-specific. Here, DSSAT models were used to evaluate climatic change effects and mitigation strategies on maize and soybean yields in soils of the subtropical and semi-arid region of Chaco. Simulations were performed for the DK747 and A8000 genotypes, calibrated for CERES-Maize in a previous report and for CROPGRO-Soybean in the present study, respectively. Both crops markedly differ in their response to climatic change and putative levels of atmospheric-CO2 concentration. The observed significant reductions in maize yields in future climate scenarios (5 - 42% compared to the baseline 1986-2010) were more associated with increased temperatures that shortened the crop cycle than with water stress. Delaying the sowing date turned out to be a feasible strategy to mitigate this effect. Projected temperature increases are expected to play a secondary role in determining soybean yields. Instead, water stress will continue to be an important constraint to soybean yield in the context of global warming, but this effect is strongly affected by the rainfall regimes. Responses to raising CO2 levels were more pronounced in soybean (+10-40%) than in maize (+2-4%). Soil degradation exacerbated the negative effects of global warming on crop yields, especially on maize, which highlights the importance of soil conservation practices. The observed high interannual climatic variability and the different sensitivity of maize and soybean to climatic variables indicates that crop diversification would be the key to improve the resilience of the agrosystems under the future scenarios.