Exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains abrogate in vitro the cytotoxic effect of bacterial toxins on eukaryotic cells.

RUAS-MADIEDO, P.; MEDRANO, M.; SALAZAR, N.; DE LOS REYES-GAVILÁN, C.; PÉREZ, P. F. AND ABRAHAM, A. G.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

Lugar: Londres; Año: 2010 vol. 109 p. 2079 - 2086

1364-5072

Aims: To evaluate the capability of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria from human and dairy origin to antagonize the cytotoxic effect of bacterial toxins. lactobacilli and bifidobacteria from human and dairy origin to antagonize the cytotoxic effect of bacterial toxins. To evaluate the capability of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria from human and dairy origin to antagonize the cytotoxic effect of bacterial toxins. Methods and Results: The cytotoxicity of Bacillus cereus extracellular factors on Caco-2 colonocytes in the presence ⁄ absence of the EPS was determined by measuring the integrity of the tissue monolayer and the damage to the cell membrane (extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity). Additionally, the protective effect of EPS against the haemolytic activity of the streptolysin-O was evaluated on rabbit erythrocytes. The EPS produced by Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis A1 and IPLA-R1, Bifidobacterium longum NB667 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were able to counteract the toxic effect of bacterial toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. rhamnosus GG were able to counteract the toxic effect of bacterial toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. animalis ssp. lactis A1 and IPLA-R1, Bifidobacterium longum NB667 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were able to counteract the toxic effect of bacterial toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. rhamnosus GG were able to counteract the toxic effect of bacterial toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. measuring the integrity of the tissue monolayer and the damage to the cell membrane (extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity). Additionally, the protective effect of EPS against the haemolytic activity of the streptolysin-O was evaluated on rabbit erythrocytes. The EPS produced by Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis A1 and IPLA-R1, Bifidobacterium longum NB667 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were able to counteract the toxic effect of bacterial toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. rhamnosus GG were able to counteract the toxic effect of bacterial toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. animalis ssp. lactis A1 and IPLA-R1, Bifidobacterium longum NB667 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were able to counteract the toxic effect of bacterial toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. rhamnosus GG were able to counteract the toxic effect of bacterial toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. Caco-2 colonocytes in the presence ⁄ absence of the EPS was determined by measuring the integrity of the tissue monolayer and the damage to the cell membrane (extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity). Additionally, the protective effect of EPS against the haemolytic activity of the streptolysin-O was evaluated on rabbit erythrocytes. The EPS produced by Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis A1 and IPLA-R1, Bifidobacterium longum NB667 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were able to counteract the toxic effect of bacterial toxins on the eukaryotic cells at 1 mg ml)1 EPS concentration. The EPS A1 was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml)1), whereas EPS NB667 elicited the highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. highest haemolysis reduction on erythrocytes. was the most effective in counteracting the effect of B. cereus toxins on colonocytes, even at lower doses (0Æ5 mg ml