INVESTIGADORES
MERILES Jose Manuel
artículos
Título:
Long-term effect of tillage systems on soil microbiological, chemical and physical parameters and the incidence of charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in soybean
Autor/es:
PEREZ-BRANDÁN C.; ARZENO J.L.; HUIDOBRO J.; GRUMBERG B.; CONFORTO C.; HILTON S.; BENDING G.D.; MERILES J.M.; VARGAS GIL S.
Revista:
CROP PROTECTION
Editorial:
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
Referencias:
Año: 2012 vol. 40 p. 73 - 82
ISSN:
0261-2194
Resumen:
A 20-year field experiment was employed with the aim of evaluating the effect of tillage systems on
biological, chemical and physical aspects of the soil, and to establish whether there was a correlation of
these parameters with the incidence of charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) of soybean and crop
yield. The tillage systems evaluated were direct seeding (DS), DS þ scarifier (DS þ S), minimum tillage
(MT) and conventional tillage (CT). DS presented higher values than CT in culturable total fungi
(26.33 105 vs. 2.33 105 CFU g1 dry soil), total bacteria (182 107 vs. 64 107 CFU g1 dry soil),
microbial respiration (0.77 mg CO2 g1 week1 vs. 0.45 mg CO2 g1 week1) and fluorescein diacetate
(FDA) hydrolysis (4.17 ug fluorescein g1 h1 vs. 1.70 ug fluorescein g1 h1 in CT. Fungal and bacterial
community fingerprints, by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, of
Intergenic spacer regions of rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, were influenced by the tillage
system. Also FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) profiles showed that microbial community structure in DS
and CT was clearly different. DS samples contained significantly higher total microbial biomass than the
other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen.field experiment was employed with the aim of evaluating the effect of tillage systems on
biological, chemical and physical aspects of the soil, and to establish whether there was a correlation of
these parameters with the incidence of charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) of soybean and crop
yield. The tillage systems evaluated were direct seeding (DS), DS þ scarifier (DS þ S), minimum tillage
(MT) and conventional tillage (CT). DS presented higher values than CT in culturable total fungi
(26.33 105 vs. 2.33 105 CFU g1 dry soil), total bacteria (182 107 vs. 64 107 CFU g1 dry soil),
microbial respiration (0.77 mg CO2 g1 week1 vs. 0.45 mg CO2 g1 week1) and fluorescein diacetate
(FDA) hydrolysis (4.17 ug fluorescein g1 h1 vs. 1.70 ug fluorescein g1 h1 in CT. Fungal and bacterial
community fingerprints, by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, of
Intergenic spacer regions of rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, were influenced by the tillage
system. Also FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) profiles showed that microbial community structure in DS
and CT was clearly different. DS samples contained significantly higher total microbial biomass than the
other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen.Macrophomina phaseolina) of soybean and crop
yield. The tillage systems evaluated were direct seeding (DS), DS þ scarifier (DS þ S), minimum tillage
(MT) and conventional tillage (CT). DS presented higher values than CT in culturable total fungi
(26.33 105 vs. 2.33 105 CFU g1 dry soil), total bacteria (182 107 vs. 64 107 CFU g1 dry soil),
microbial respiration (0.77 mg CO2 g1 week1 vs. 0.45 mg CO2 g1 week1) and fluorescein diacetate
(FDA) hydrolysis (4.17 ug fluorescein g1 h1 vs. 1.70 ug fluorescein g1 h1 in CT. Fungal and bacterial
community fingerprints, by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, of
Intergenic spacer regions of rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, were influenced by the tillage
system. Also FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) profiles showed that microbial community structure in DS
and CT was clearly different. DS samples contained significantly higher total microbial biomass than the
other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen.þ scarifier (DS þ S), minimum tillage
(MT) and conventional tillage (CT). DS presented higher values than CT in culturable total fungi
(26.33 105 vs. 2.33 105 CFU g1 dry soil), total bacteria (182 107 vs. 64 107 CFU g1 dry soil),
microbial respiration (0.77 mg CO2 g1 week1 vs. 0.45 mg CO2 g1 week1) and fluorescein diacetate
(FDA) hydrolysis (4.17 ug fluorescein g1 h1 vs. 1.70 ug fluorescein g1 h1 in CT. Fungal and bacterial
community fingerprints, by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, of
Intergenic spacer regions of rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, were influenced by the tillage
system. Also FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) profiles showed that microbial community structure in DS
and CT was clearly different. DS samples contained significantly higher total microbial biomass than the
other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen. 105 vs. 2.33 105 CFU g1 dry soil), total bacteria (182 107 vs. 64 107 CFU g1 dry soil),
microbial respiration (0.77 mg CO2 g1 week1 vs. 0.45 mg CO2 g1 week1) and fluorescein diacetate
(FDA) hydrolysis (4.17 ug fluorescein g1 h1 vs. 1.70 ug fluorescein g1 h1 in CT. Fungal and bacterial
community fingerprints, by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, of
Intergenic spacer regions of rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, were influenced by the tillage
system. Also FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) profiles showed that microbial community structure in DS
and CT was clearly different. DS samples contained significantly higher total microbial biomass than the
other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen.2 g1 week1 vs. 0.45 mg CO2 g1 week1) and fluorescein diacetate
(FDA) hydrolysis (4.17 ug fluorescein g1 h1 vs. 1.70 ug fluorescein g1 h1 in CT. Fungal and bacterial
community fingerprints, by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, of
Intergenic spacer regions of rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, were influenced by the tillage
system. Also FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) profiles showed that microbial community structure in DS
and CT was clearly different. DS samples contained significantly higher total microbial biomass than the
other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen.fluorescein g1 h1 vs. 1.70 ug fluorescein g1 h1 in CT. Fungal and bacterial
community fingerprints, by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, of
Intergenic spacer regions of rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, were influenced by the tillage
system. Also FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) profiles showed that microbial community structure in DS
and CT was clearly different. DS samples contained significantly higher total microbial biomass than the
other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen.fingerprints, by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, of
Intergenic spacer regions of rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, were influenced by the tillage
system. Also FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) profiles showed that microbial community structure in DS
and CT was clearly different. DS samples contained significantly higher total microbial biomass than the
other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen.fluenced by the tillage
system. Also FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) profiles showed that microbial community structure in DS
and CT was clearly different. DS samples contained significantly higher total microbial biomass than the
other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen.files showed that microbial community structure in DS
and CT was clearly different. DS samples contained significantly higher total microbial biomass than the
other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen.ficantly higher total microbial biomass than the
other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen.ficant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent
trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant
and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented
higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also
improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT,
disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial
abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity
to suppress the soilborne pathogen.