First report of Pandora neoaphidis resting spore formation

SCORSETTI, A.C., JENSEN , E.B., LOPEZ LASTRA, C.C. & HUMBER R.A.

Fungal biology

elsevier

Año: 2011

1878-6146

The entomopathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis is a recognized pathogen of aphids, causes natural epizootics in aphid populations, and interacts and competes with aphid predators and parasitoids. Survival of entomophthoralean fungi in periods of unsuitable weather conditions or lack of appropriate host insects is accomplished mainly by thickwalled resting spores (zygospores or azygospores). However, resting spores are not known for some entomophthoralean species such as P. neoaphidis. Several hypotheses of P. neoaphidis causes natural epizootics in aphid populations, and interacts and competes with aphid predators and parasitoids. Survival of entomophthoralean fungi in periods of unsuitable weather conditions or lack of appropriate host insects is accomplished mainly by thickwalled resting spores (zygospores or azygospores). However, resting spores are not known for some entomophthoralean species such as P. neoaphidis. Several hypotheses of P. neoaphidis Pandora neoaphidis is a recognized pathogen of aphids, causes natural epizootics in aphid populations, and interacts and competes with aphid predators and parasitoids. Survival of entomophthoralean fungi in periods of unsuitable weather conditions or lack of appropriate host insects is accomplished mainly by thickwalled resting spores (zygospores or azygospores). However, resting spores are not known for some entomophthoralean species such as P. neoaphidis. Several hypotheses of P. neoaphidisP. neoaphidis. Several hypotheses of P. neoaphidis winter survival can be found in the literature but so far these hypotheses do not include the presence of resting spores. Resting spores were found in an aphid population where P. neoaphidis was the only entomophthoralean fungus observed during surveys conducted in organic horticultural crops in greenhouses and open fields in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. This study sought to use molecular methods to confirm that these resting spores were, in fact, those of P. neoaphidis while further documenting and characterizing these resting spores that were produced in vivo in aphid hosts. The double-walled resting spores were characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy. The Argentinean resting spores clustered together with P. neoaphidis isolates with bootstrap values above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures spores were characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy. The Argentinean resting spores clustered together with P. neoaphidis isolates with bootstrap values above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures these resting spores that were produced in vivo in aphid hosts. The double-walled resting spores were characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy. The Argentinean resting spores clustered together with P. neoaphidis isolates with bootstrap values above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures spores were characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy. The Argentinean resting spores clustered together with P. neoaphidis isolates with bootstrap values above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures in organic horticultural crops in greenhouses and open fields in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. This study sought to use molecular methods to confirm that these resting spores were, in fact, those of P. neoaphidis while further documenting and characterizing these resting spores that were produced in vivo in aphid hosts. The double-walled resting spores were characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy. The Argentinean resting spores clustered together with P. neoaphidis isolates with bootstrap values above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures spores were characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy. The Argentinean resting spores clustered together with P. neoaphidis isolates with bootstrap values above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures these resting spores that were produced in vivo in aphid hosts. The double-walled resting spores were characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy. The Argentinean resting spores clustered together with P. neoaphidis isolates with bootstrap values above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures spores were characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy. The Argentinean resting spores clustered together with P. neoaphidis isolates with bootstrap values above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures P. neoaphidis was the only entomophthoralean fungus observed during surveys conducted in organic horticultural crops in greenhouses and open fields in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. This study sought to use molecular methods to confirm that these resting spores were, in fact, those of P. neoaphidis while further documenting and characterizing these resting spores that were produced in vivo in aphid hosts. The double-walled resting spores were characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy. The Argentinean resting spores clustered together with P. neoaphidis isolates with bootstrap values above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99