Comparison of animal biodiversity in three livestock systems of open environments of the semi-arid Chaco of Argentina

MARINARO, S; GRAU, HR

RANGELAND JOURNAL

AUSTRALIAN RANGELAND SOC

Año: 2015

1036-9872

Increasing global food demand requires the exploration of agricultural production systems that minimise theconflict between food production and biodiversity conservation. Cattle ranching is a main land-use in tropical and subtropicalSouth American semi-arid ecosystems, such as the Chaco eco-region of sub-tropical Argentina, one of the mostactive frontiers of land-use change. Despite open habits being a key component of the Chaco landscape, conservation studiesand policies have focussed on forests. In this study, bird and mammal communities of three different open-canopy livestockproducingsystems in the semi-arid Argentinian Chaco: natural grasslands, sown non-native pastures and silvopastoralsystems are discussed. Diversity (Inverse Simpson index) and species composition (multivariate ordinations) were measuredand species identified that characterise each system (indicator species). The three livestock systems did not significantlydiffer in terms of diversity but showed differences in the composition of bird communities. Natural grasslands had the highestnumber of bird and mammal indicator species (including Myrmecophaga tridactyla, a high conservation-value species).These results highlight natural grasslands as a landscape unit with a high conservation value and indicate that they should beexplicitly targeted by conservation and land-use policies, particularly because they represent a small and rapidly decreasingproportion of the semi-arid Argentinian Chaco.