Relationship between the Balance of Hypertrophic/Hyperplastic Adipose Tissue Expansion and the Metabolic Profile in a High Glucocorticoids Model

ZUBIRIA GUILLERMINA; ALZAMENDI, ANA; MORENO GRISELDA; PORTALES ANDREA; CASTROGIOVANNI, DANIEL; SPINEDI, EDUARDO; GIOVAMBATTISTA , ANDRÉS

Nutirents

MDPI AG

Lugar: Basel; Año: 2016 vol. 8 p. 1 - 16

Abstract: Adipose tissue (AT) expansion is the result of two processes: hyperplasia and hypertrophy; and both, directly or indirectly, depend on the adipogenic potential of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs). Glucocorticoids (GCs) have a potent stimulatory effect on terminal adipogenesis; while their effects on early stages of adipogenesis are largely unknown. In the present work, we study, in a model of high GC levels, the adipogenic potential of APCs from retroperitoneal AT (RPAT) and its relationshipwithRPATmassexpansion. Weemployedamodelofhyper-adiposity(30-and60-day-old rats)duetohighendogenousGClevelsinducedbyneonataltreatmentwith L-monosodiumglutamate (MSG). We found that the RPAT APCs from 30-day-old MSG rats showed an increased adipogenic capacity, depending on the APCs? competency, but not in their number. Analyses of RPAT adipocyte diameter revealed an increase in cell size, regardless of the rat age, indicating the prevalence of a hypertrophicprocess. Moreover,functionalRPATalterationsworsenedin60-day-oldrats,suggesting that the hyperplastic AT expansion found in 30-day-old animals might have a protective role. We concludethatGCschronicexcessaffectsAPCs?adipogeniccapacity,modifyingtheircompetency. This change would modulate the hyperplastic/hypertrophic balance determining healthy or unhealthy RPAT expansion and, therefore, its functionality.