Cellulose and starch nanoparticles: Functiona and surface modifications for biomedical applications

REPETTO, EVANGELINA; RODRIGUEZ RAMIREZ CARLOS; GARCÍA NANCY L.; D'ACCORSO NORMA B.

Polysaccharides Nanoparticles

ELSEVIER

Lugar: San Diego; Año: 2022; p. 615 - 664

In the last years, the use of polysaccharides in biomedical and biological application has received great attention. These materials, which derive from the biomass, are cheap, nontoxic, renewable, biodegradable, and compatible and can produce materials capable of being transferred on an industrial scale. On the other hand, the use of nanoparticles represents the utmost materials of preference for material engineering due to its excellent physiochemical properties.Starch and cellulose are polysaccharides abundant, renewable, with high strength stiffness, eco-friendliness, and low cost, for application in the area of biomedicine. In this sense, it is important to highlight that the interaction of cell?biomaterial is governed by the wettability, topography, chemistry, surface charge, and/or the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic character. All of them also contribute to the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of the biomedical device.In order to improve these properties and reduce its limitations, modifications of these polysaccharides are needed, either physically or chemically. Physical modifications include the association with other nanomaterials orbiopolymers yielding new nanohybrid materials for different applications. In contrast chemical modifications include the substitution of the hydroxyl groups of the nanoparticle with other functional groups (etherification, esterification, sulfonation, phosphorylation, and amination), the variation of the distribution of functional groups (oxidation and cationization), or grafting side chains or crosslinking with small molecules or other polymers.This chapter summarizes the most relevance advances in the uses and potential applications of starch and cellulose nanoparticles and their derivatives in biomedicine. Their applications include, but are not limited to drug delivery devices, tissue engineering and antimicrobial activities.