The peopling of South America insights from genetic markers

DEJEAN CRISTINA; CRESPO, CRISTIAN; ARENCIBIA, VALERIA; CARDOZO, DARÍO; AVENA , SERGIO

Los Angeles

Congreso; 89TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS; 2020

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS

The_earliest_human_occupation_of_South_America_has_been_dated_to_at_least_14000_years_BP._Several_lines_of_evidence_suggest_that_these_early_settlers_may_ have_ moved_ south_ along_ the_ Paci_c_ and/or_Atlantic_ coast,_but_it_ seems_clear_ that_in_their_southward_advance_the_earliest_South_American_settlers_ adapted_ to_ contrasting_ landscapes_ and_underwent_ different_ evolutionary_ trajectories,_ a_process_that_is_reected_in_genetic_markers.The_aim_of_this_work_was_to_analyze_and_compare_maternal_ genetic_ diversity_ in_ two_ Argentine_regions_in_the_broader_context_of_South_America._A_ total_ of_ 117_ individuals_ were_ included_ in_ our_sample,_51_from_Northwestern_Argentina_(NWA)_and_ 66_ from_ Patagonia,_ dated_ between_ 3000_and_ 300_ years_ BP._ Mitochondrial_ hypervariable_region_1_was_analyzed_and_consensus_sequences_were_ obtained_ from_ at_ least_ two_ independent_extractions.The_most_frequent_lineage_detected_in_NWA_was_A2,_followed_by_B2,_D1_and_C1,_while_in_Patagonia_C1_was_the_most_often_represented,_followed_by_D1,_D4h3,_B2_and_A2._The_number_of_haplotypes_detected_were_similar_in_both_regions:_35_in_NWA_and_ 33_ in_ Patagonia,_ where_ D1g_ was_ the_most_diverse._Despite_having_arisen_from_a_single_population,_the_diverse_cultural_evolutionary_trajectories_followed_ by_ the_ human_ groups_ in_ each_ region_resulted_in_different_haplotype_compositions,_probably_due_to_founder_effects_and_genetic_drift._Most_lineages_found_in_our_sample_have_been_reported_in_other_South_American_past_and_contemporary_native_groups,_probably_with_a_Pacic_origin