Relevancia clínica, diversidad y variabilidad genética de distintas especies del género Mycobacterium.

IMPERIALE, BELEN; DI GIULIO, BEATRIZ; MOYANO, DAMIÁN; SANTANGELO, MARÌA DE LA PAZ; TARTARA,SILVINA; ALONSO, VIVIANA; SANJURJO, MYRIAM; GARCÍA, GRACIELA; CASTELLARO, PATRICIA; ROMANO, MARÌA ISABEL; MORCILLO, NORA

Revista Americana de Medicina Respiratoria

SciELO

Lugar: Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Año: 2017

1852-236X

AbstractIntroduction: The term non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) includes different ambientspecies capable of sickening humans and/or animals, even by means of a potentialzoonotic transmission.Objectives: To determine: The clinical importance of several species within the genusMycobacterium and the genetic diversity of the M. avium complex (MAC), the in vitrobacterial sensitivity and the success of the specific treatment.Materials and Methods: Collection of clinical and epidemiologic data and informationabout isolates of the 2009-2016 period; molecular identification of the isolates; determinationof the in vitro bacterial sensitivity and genetic diversity of the MAC; treatmentevaluation.Results: 225 mycobacteriosis cases were diagnosed, with a stable prevalence of ≈6%per year and 22 recovered species: 4 rapidly growing species isolated from 66 patientsand 18 slowly growing species. The MAC was isolated in 95 cases, M. avium hominissuis- 40 cases, M. intracellulare - 51 cases, M. chimaera - 3 cases and M. colombiense - 1case. We observed a greater probability of getting sick from M. intracellulare in patientspreviously treated for tuberculosis (TB). HIV-positive patients had a greater risk of fallingill from M. avium hominissuis. Aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and macrolideswere the most active drugs against most NTM. Approximately half of the cases healed.Conclusions: M. intracellulare, M. aviumhominissuis with great genetic variability andM. abscessus were the most commonly found pathogens. The cases of TB+NTM mixeddisease were an important finding. For treating these patients, it was necessary to addsecond line drugs to the therapeutic regimen for TB; and most of them healed.