ADIPOSE TISSUE INFLAMMATION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: PROTECTIVE ROLE OF BIOACTIVE GRAPE-DERIVED COMPOUNDS

VAZQUEZ PRIETO, MA

BUENOS AIRES

Congreso; REUNIÓN CONJUNTA DE SOCIEDADES DE BIOCIENCIAS; 2017

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of symptoms that include increased waist circumference (abdominal adiposity), plasma triglycerides, and fasting glycemia; reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; and hypertension. The increasing incidence of MetS, which occur in parallel with the increase of obesity, currently affects 34% of the world population and is associated with the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease, constituting a major public health concern worldwide. Hypertrophy of adipocytes, particularly from visceral adipose tissue, causes an increase production and secretion of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), resistin, interleukin 6, among others. Although the mechanisms are not completely understood, these pro-inflammatory cytokines drive the recruitment and activation of macrophages and other immune cells that completes a cycle of inflammation and impaired metabolic function, contributing to adipose insulin resistance. Diet can play a major role in the prevention of MetS and its associated pathologies. Epidemiological studies show that consumption of fruits and vegetables in humans decreases the risk of MetS. Grape pomace (GP) is a waste product, containing predominantly a left-over of skins and seeds, generated in the winemaking process which contains relatively high amounts of bioactive compounds like polyphenols and dietary fiber. Polyphenols are naturally occurring plant compounds that have a multiplicity of biological effects. The most abundant polyphenols identified in malbec GP are flavanols such as (-)-epicatechin, flavonols, anthocyanins, hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, and stilbenes. The protective effect of certain polyphenols on adipose tissue dysfunction are attributed to the capacity to modulate cell signaling cascades involved in inflammation and insulin resistance, interaction with enzymes, transcription factors, and receptors among others. Overall, bioactive grapederived compounds constitute an interesting alternative to modulate/mitigate adipose tissue inflammation associated with MetS and obesity. PAGE 72