La arqueología como ciencia social: apuntes para un enfoque teórico - epistemológico.

ALVAREZ, M; FIORE, D.

Boletín de Antropología Americana.

Instituto Panamericano de Geografia e Historia

Año: 1993 vol. 27 p. 21 - 38

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Se proponen entonces los criterios principales mediante los cuales se puede caracterizar y analizar el proceso de trabajo implicado en la producción de materiales preservados en el registro arqueológico. En concordancia con este eje, se definen tres niveles de análisis (económico, político e ideológico) que posibilitan la investigación de diversos aspectos de las esferas de producción en las que puede dividirse analíticamente el trabajo humano (por ejemplo subsistencia, tecnología, religión, gobierno, arte). De esta manera, se arroja luz sobre la multiplicidad de niveles mediante los cuales puede caracterizarse cada esfera de producción, rompiendo con la habitual estrecha asociación entre una esfera de producción (por ejemplo tecnología) y un determinado nivel de análisis (por ejemplo economía). Esta perspectiva contribuye a abrir y/o fundamentar nuevos ejes de investigación que se focalicen en otros vínculos entre esferas de producción y niveles de análisis que son menos frecuentes en la arqueología (por ejemplo un análisis político de la tecnología), aunque no menos fructíferos.