Neuroinflammation: An Integrating Overview of Reactive- Neuroimmune Cell Interactions in Health and Disease

RODOLFO KÖLLIKER-FRERS, LUCAS UDOVIN, MATILDE OTERO-LOSADA , TAMARA KOBIEC, MARÍA INÉS HERRERA, JORGE PALACIOS, GABRIELA RAZZITTE, AND FRANCISCO CAPANI

MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION

HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION

Año: 2021

0962-9351

The concept of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation has evolved over the last decades. Neuroinflammation is the responseof reactive CNS components to altered homeostasis, regardless of the cause to be endogenous or exogenous. Neurological diseases,whether traumatic, neoplastic, ischemic, metabolic, toxic, infectious, autoimmune, developmental, or degenerative, involve directand indirect immune-related neuroinflammation. Brain infiltrates of the innate and adaptive immune system cells appear inresponse to an infective or otherwise noxious agent and produce inflammatory mediators. Mediators of inflammation includelocal and recruited cells and signals. Processes derived from extrinsic and intrinsic CNS diseases also elicit the CNSinflammatory response. A deeper understanding of immune-related inflammation in health and disease is necessary to findpotential therapeutic targets for preventing or reducing CNS damage. This review is aimed at discussing the innate and adaptiveimmune system functions and their roles in regulating brain cell responses in disease and homeostasis maintenance.