Wind Turbine Control Systems

BIANCHI, F.; DE BATTISTA, H.; MANTZ, R.

Springer

Lugar: Berlin; Año: 2006 p. 228

1-84628-492-9

The purpose of this book is to describe in detail the control of variable-speed windturbines, both fixed- and variable-pitch, using gain scheduling techniques. Thesetechniques have been very successful when applied in highly nonlinear settings. Theyprovide a family of linear controllers together with a scheduling algorithm such that thecontroller actually applied is continuously tailored to the changes in the plant dynamicbehaviour. The most distinctive feature of gain scheduling control is that the controlleris designed using the well-known and efficient tools of linear control theory. In this book, gain scheduling control is addressed in the context of linear parametervarying (LPV) systems. In this recent reformulation of the classical gain schedulingproblem, the controller design issue is stated as an optimisation problem with linearmatrix inequalities (LMIs). In addition to accomplishing some guarantees of stability andperformance, the LPV approach simplifies considerably the control design. In fact, thefamily of linear controllers and the scheduling algorithm can be obtained in a singlestep. Moreover, because of the similarities with Hinf control, the new tools to designLPV gain-scheduled controllers are very intuitive and familiar to the control community. This book is primarily intended for researchers and students with a control backgroundwishing to expand their knowledge of wind energy systems. The book will be useful toscientists in the field of control theory looking to see how their innovative controlideas are likely to work out when applied to this appealing control problem. It will alsointerest practising engineers dealing with wind technology, who will benefit from thesimplicity of the models, the use of broadly available control algorithms and thecomprehensive coverage of the theoretical topics. The book provides a thoroughdescription of wind energy conversion systems -- principles, components, modes ofoperation, control objectives and modelling --, thereby serving as reference material forresearchers and professionals concerned with renewable energy systems. Chapter 1 introduces the problem of wind turbine control.Chapter 2 describesthe characteristics of the wind resource as well as the principles of wind energyconversion. Chapter 3 deals with the modelling of wind turbines. InChapter 4, the most common control objectives and strategies are examined.Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 address the control of wind turbines using LPV gain schedulingtechniques.Chapter 5 focuses on variable-speed fixed-pitch wind turbines whereasChapter 6 is concerned with the multivariable case of variable-speed variable-pitchwind turbines. The theoretical background on LMI optimisation, LPV systems and robustcontrol are extensively covered in the appendices. Finally,the last Appendix  presents a quasi-LPV model of the wind turbine dynamics as analternative to the model used in Chapter 5 and Chapter 6. The use of this quasi-LPVmodel as a basis for LPV wind turbine control design is open to further study.