Phylogeny of Entiminae, with special reference to the tribe Naupactini

LANTERI A.A.; DEL RIO M.G.; PEREYRA V.A. ; MARVALDI A.E.

Congreso; XXV International Congress of Entomology; 2016

Introduction: Entiminae, with about 1370 genera and 12000 species is the most diverse subfamily within Curculionidae. In the last catalogue of weevil genera, Entiminae is classified into 55 tribes, however, most of them are probably artificial. The main objective of this contribution is to test the monophyly of Entiminae and its closely related subfamilies, as well as the naturalness of some of its tribes, especially Naupactini, which is the most diverse in South America.Methods: We analyzed a data matrix of 117 terminals by 4400 molecular characters, including species representative of 59 genera and 25 tribes of Entiminae, 9 species of Hyperinae, 15 of Cyclominae (including Gonipterini) plus several outgroups from the remaining curculionid subfamilies. The molecular markers used were 18S, 28S, 16S and COI. For the tribe Naupactini we also constructed a matrix of 102 morphological characters coded for 72 species representative of its genera. The matrices were analyzed by Maximum Parsimony, and the molecular ones, also by Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference.Results/Conclusion: The phylogenetic trees obtained show Hyperinae, Cyclominae and Entiminae forming together a monophyletic group, with Hyperinae often recovered as sister clade of a group including members from the other two subfamilies. Several tribes of Entiminae were not monophyletic, e.g. Tanymecini and Tropiphorini, whereas others were recovered as natural groups, e.g. Naupactini and Sitonini. A clade Geonemini+ Eustylini is closely related to the Naupactini, with Artipus not belonging in the latter tribe. Some naupactine genera were not monophyletic, e.g. Naupactus and Mimographussensu Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal.