Chapter 10:Reconsolidation of declarative memory

MARÍA E PEDREIRA

Memory Reconsolidation

Elsevier

Año: 2013;

The study of memory is one of the most challenging and exciting areas of basic and applied neuroscience research. In the past decade, it has been demonstrated that the storage of information can be updated through the reconsolidation process (Lee, 2009). The study of declarative memory, which is a hallmark of humans (Dudai, 2002), not only supports the universality of some mechanisms but also opens avenues to apply this current knowledge in new therapies for traumatic memories (Kindt, Soeter, & Vervliet, 2009; Schiller & Phelps, 2011). Our research demonstrates the existence of the reconsolidation process for declarative memory, characterizes its boundary conditions, and studies its underlying functions. Animals’ brains constantly encode the features of their surrounding environment, which is critical for their everyday survival as well as for the learning that guides their successful interactions with the external world. In this context, the process of transforming new information into long-lasting memories has been an object of interest for neurobiology throughout the past century. The seminal studies of M€uller and Pilzecker (1900) used verbal learning and led to the idea that enduring memories are formed through a process of consolidation. Their theory assumes that memories are labile during an initial time window after acquisition but that memories become stable and resistant to amnesic agents with the passage of time. The consolidation process has been described using behavioral, pharmacological, and molecular approaches in diverse species, ranging from nematodes to humans. The traditional paradigm assumes that memory consolidation is learning and led to the idea that enduring memories are formed through a process of consolidation. Their theory assumes that memories are labile during an initial time window after acquisition but that memories become stable and resistant to amnesic agents with the passage of time. The consolidation process has been described using behavioral, pharmacological, and molecular approaches in diverse species, ranging from nematodes to humans. The traditional paradigm assumes that memory consolidation is learning and led to the idea that enduring memories are formed through a process of consolidation. Their theory assumes that memories are labile during an initial time window after acquisition but that memories become stable and resistant to amnesic agents with the passage of time. The consolidation process has been described using behavioral, pharmacological, and molecular approaches in diverse species, ranging from nematodes to humans. The traditional paradigm assumes that memory consolidation is €uller and Pilzecker (1900) used verbal learning and led to the idea that enduring memories are formed through a process of consolidation. Their theory assumes that memories are labile during an initial time window after acquisition but that memories become stable and resistant to amnesic agents with the passage of time. The consolidation process has been described using behavioral, pharmacological, and molecular approaches in diverse species, ranging from nematodes to humans. The traditional paradigm assumes that memory consolidation is Memory Reconsolidation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386892-3.00010-X Copyright
2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 213 a conserved evolutionary process that requires an initial phase of RNA and protein synthesis (Kandel, 2001; McGaugh, 2000). However, the idea that memories are immutable after consolidation has changed. Since the early study by Misanin, Miller, and Lewis (1968), several reports have shown that the presentation of a specific reminder triggers old memories to pass from a stable state to a reactivated state. This reactivation implies that the memory is labile and that it is once again susceptible to amnesic agents. Such susceptibility decreases over time and leads to a restabilization phase known as reconsolidation. It has been proposed that reconsolidation shares many of the cellular and molecular mechanisms used during consolidation (Nader, Schafe, & LeDoux, 2000a; Suzuki et al., 2004). From the extensive studies that have been conducted during approximately the past decade, a general conclusion has emerged. In fact, the term reconsolidation is not used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira studies that have been conducted during approximately the past decade, a general conclusion has emerged. In fact, the term reconsolidation is not used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira studies that have been conducted during approximately the past decade, a general conclusion has emerged. In fact, the term reconsolidation is not used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira et al., 2004). From the extensive studies that have been conducted during approximately the past decade, a general conclusion has emerged. In fact, the term reconsolidation is not used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira reconsolidation is not used to represent the recapitulation of initial consolidation but, rather, to represent the functional role of the process, which is to restore the stability of memories (Alberini, 2005). Our laboratory first began studying memory in an invertebrate model more than 25 years ago. Our characterization of the reconsolidation process used the aversive memory paradigm and was first focused on compiling evidence for the evolutionary persistence of molecular mechanisms subserving both consolidation and reconsolidation processes (Pedreira